问题 填空题

(12分)我市拥有丰富的海洋资源,开发利用这些宝贵的资源有力地促进了我市经济的发展。

(1)从海水中提取出的粗盐中除了NaCl外,还含有泥沙等杂质。请完善下列实验室中除去泥沙等杂质的实验步骤,并回答相关问题:

其中操作1的名称是     ;在过滤操作中要用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒 、      (填仪器名称);在加热蒸发过程中,当蒸发皿中     时,停止加热。

(2)上述除去泥沙后的澄清滤液中,还含有Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子。要想知道该滤液是硬水还是软水,可加入       进行检验。

(3)海水提取出粗盐后的母液中,还含有较多的氯化镁,用氯化镁可制得金属镁。工业上从母液中提取氯化镁的过程如下:

反应1的基本反应类型是      ;物质X是        (填名称)。

(4)工业上可用电解饱和NaCl溶液的方法制得烧碱、氯气和氢气,请写出该反应的化学方程式:        

(5)从下列装置中选择并组装一套制取干燥氢气的装置,正确的连接顺序为     

(用接口处字母填写)。

写出一个在实验室中用加热法制取氧气的化学方程式:       

答案

⑴溶解  漏斗  出现较多固体⑵肥皂水

通电

 
 ⑶复分解反应   盐酸

   (2分)

⑸a   g  f  d  (2分) 

 

题目分析:(1)从海水中提取出的粗盐中除了NaCl外,还含有泥沙等杂质。根据后面的操作可知其中操作1的名称为溶解,在过滤操作中要用到的玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒 、漏斗等;在加热蒸发过程中,当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热;(2)上述除去泥沙后的澄清滤液中,还含有Ca2+、Mg2+等阳离子。要想知道该滤液是硬水还是软水,可加入肥皂水进行检验;(3)海水提取出粗盐后的母液中,还含有较多的氯化镁,用氯化镁可制得金属镁。反应1是氢氧化钙和氯化镁的反应,故基本反应类型是复分解反应;由氢氧化镁转化为氯化镁,根据质量守恒定律X物质为盐酸;(4)工业上可用电解饱和NaCl溶液的方法制得烧碱、氯气和氢气,该反应的化学方程式为:2NaCl + 2H2O =" 2NaOH" + Cl2↑+ H2↑;(5)实验室制取氢气选择固液常温型装置,因为氢气的密度比空气的小,选择向下排空气法收集气体,故制取干燥氢气的装置,正确的连接顺序为agfd; 写出一个实验室中用加热法制取氧气的化学方程式2KClO3 =" 2KCl" + 3O 2

单项选择题
阅读理解

People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or other historic remains. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places. Most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.

Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money for the sun because they have so little of it. People in cities like London, Copenhagen and Amsterdam spend much of their winter in the dark because the days are so short, and much of the year it rains. This is the reason why the Mediterranean (地中海) has always attracted them. Every summer many people travel to Mediterranean resorts (度假胜地) and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason. Sun!

The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy's 30,000 hotels are booked without a break every summer. And 13 million people visited French beaches, parks, and roadsides. Spain's long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit there yearly, or one tourist for each person living in Spain.

But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can deal with. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. None of this, however, is ruining anyone's fun. Obviously, visitors don't go there for clean water. They allow traffic jams and endure crowded beaches. They don't even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is , the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines, it's still better than sitting in cold Berlin, London, or anywhere else.

64. The writer seems to infer that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that _____.

A. they want to see historic remains

B. they wish to escape from cold, dark and rainy days

C. they would like to take pictures in front of famous places

D. they are interested in different cultural and social customs

65. According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others?

A. Italy.    B. Greece.   C. France.   D. Spain.

66. The underlined part in Passage 3, "one tourist for each person living in Spain" means _____.

A. all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists

B. every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist

C. every year as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country

D. every family in Spain is visited by a tourist every year

67. According to the passage, which of the following might ruin the tourists' fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches?

A. Polluted water     B. Crowded buses   C. Rainy weather     D. Traffic jams