问题 计算题

某种电热水壶有加热和保温两种工作状态,从它的说明书上收集到如下数据及如图15所示的简化电路原理图。(保温功率为饮水机处于保温状态时的饮水机的总功率)

求解下列问题:

(1)当开关S与接线柱1相连时,①饮水机处于__________(填“加热”或“保温”)状态;②电路中的电流。

(2)电阻R的阻值。

(3)电热水壶加满水后,在额定电压下将水从20℃加热到80℃,需要加热多长时间?(假设电流产生的热量全部被水吸收)[1L=1×10-3m3,c=4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]

容量L
额定电压220V
加热功率1000W
保温功率44W

答案

(1)①保温② 0.2A(2)1051.6Ω(3)252s

题目分析:(1)根据公式可知,电源电压不变,当电路电阻最大时,电路消耗的电功率最小,处于保温状态;当电路电阻最小时,电路消耗的电功率最大,处于加热状态;①当开关S与接线柱1相连时,电路中两电阻串联,电阻相对较大,电功率较小,处于保温状态;②表中保温功率P=44W,保温状态下的电流为:

(2)保温状态下的电路的总电阻:

当开关S与接线柱2相连时,电阻R被短路,此时电路电阻最小,电功率最大,处于加热状态,加热状态下的R0电阻值:,所以电阻R的阻值:R=R-R0=1100Ω-48.4Ω=1051.6Ω;

(3)水的质量m=ρV=1×103kg/m3×1×10-3m3=1kg,

水吸收的热量:Q=cm(t-t0)=4.2×103J/(kg•℃)×1kg×(80℃-20℃)=2.52×105J,

因为电流产生的热量全部被水吸收,所以电热水壶在额定电压下放出的热量:Q=Q=2.52×105J,

因为Q=W=Pt,所以加热的时间:

答:(1)①保温;②电路中的电流为0.2A;(2)电阻R的阻值1051.6Ω;(3)需要加热的时间为252s.

完形填空
The history of English Coins
English coins have developed and changed over time. In the early 1600s' coins were made using the hammer struck method. Hammered coins or cast coins where the primary way coins were made and thus limited the number of coins that may be placed into circulation (流通). Hammered coins were made as far back as the first millennium BC with continued in use until the 1500s to the 1700s. English coins underwent a change in about 1663.
Hammered English coins were made using a blank quantity of metal that was the required weight and placing it between two dies. A die is a mold (模子) that allows the metal to get cut to a certain size and shape.The metal die contained an image that when hammered without delay would mold the image on each side of the coin. The unit was customarily place on a log or other firm surface which was known as a pile. One person held the die while a second person struck it.
There were several issues with this kind of coin making. For one thing, it was extremely slow and work in depth. Comparatively few coins might be made and placed into circulation. A second problem was that hammered coins had many irregularities. When several coins were placed together in a container and shaken about they were damaged as well. That is why older English coins might have chips(缺口) and rough edges.
During the 17th century hammered coins were replaced with milled (轧有花边的) coins. While France was the first country to start producing coins that were made entirely by machine, Britain wasn't far behind. Britain, in fact, began to manufacture coins on a trial basis in the mid­1500s, but it wasn't until the end of 1662 that English coins were made completely by machine.
The screw press (螺旋压力机) was the first machine to produce coins as an alternative to hammered coins. Leonardo da Vinci was the person who invented the screw press in the 15th century. It was powered by a water mill. Early on efforts were made to protect the coins by edging. You'll see that English­made coins have milled edges.
Milled English coins were much more standard in size and shape as well. The speed at which milled coins could be created allowed the coin circulation to grow and a greater number of coin types to be developed.
English coins were used in this country during the royally period. Hammered coins were produced and used up through the end of the 18th century and were given out across the colonies. English coins went through quite a lot of changes as can be seen in old coins that have been started in the US over time.
__小题1:__of English coins
Time & Major Events
Hammered
coins
◆The hammer struck method used to make coins has a history dating back to the first millennium BC.
◆At least two people are needed to carry out the work, with one _小题2:__the die and the other striking it.
◆__小题3:_:
◆The number of coins made and placed into circulation this way was _小题4:__.
◆Older English coins were quite __小题5:_,with many having chips and rough edges.
◆Such coins were placed into circulation across the colonies and __小题6:_ in use through the end of the 18th century.
Milled coins
During
the 15th
century
◆Leonardo da Vinci _小题7:__the screw press, the 1st machine to produce coins.
In the
mid­1500s
Britain __小题8:_manufacturing coins.
In the
17th
century
◆France became the first country to start producing coins made entirely by machine,_小题9:__ by Britain, whose machine­made coins were featured by milled edges, but were more regular in size and shape.
◆The coin circulation began to grow.
◆Milled coins appeared as a(n) __小题10:_ to hammered coins.
单项选择题