问题 单项选择题

系统软件一般包括 ______。 Ⅰ、服务性程序 Ⅱ、语言处理程序 Ⅲ、操作系统 Ⅳ、数据库管理系统

A.Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ

B.Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ

C.Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ

D.全部

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 本题考查点是计算机的软件系统。计算机的软件系统一般分为系统软件和应用软件两大部分。系统软件是指负责管理、监控和维护计算机硬件和软件资源的一种软件。系统软件主要包括操作系统、程序设计语言及其处理程序(如汇编程序、编译程序、解释程序等)、数据库管理系统、系统服务程序以及故障诊断程序、调试程序、编辑程序等工具软件。应用软件是指利用计算机和系统软件为解决各种实际问题而编制的程序,这些程序能满足用户的特殊需要。常见的应用软件有科学计算程序、图形与图像处理软件、自动控制程序,情报检索系统、工资管理程序、人事管理程序、财务管理程序以及计算机辅助设计与制造、辅助教学等软件。

单项选择题

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that (1) a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who (2) recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no (3) or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain (4) while completing a task that could (5) either reward or punishment.

(6) with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had (7) neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward. (8) , the high-risk girls showed no (9) in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in (10) past experiences to assist learning.

The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area (11) receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time (12) information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.

"Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed (13) reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically (14) in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression, (15) they have not yet experienced a depressive (16) ," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. " (17) , longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations (18) in this study during the processing of (19) and losses are associated with the (20) onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.

15()

A.because

B.and

C.hence

D.although

单项选择题