问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的选文,回答问题。

守住心灵的高度

  ①孙天帅是珠海市工业区一家外资企业的普通工人。平日里,他目睹了韩国老板对工人们的种种刁难和侮辱,内心极为愤怒。当那个韩国老板责骂一个因极度疲劳而睡着的女工,甚至令所有工人统统跪下时,只有他拒绝下跪,一个人直直地站着。孙天帅的行为不仅表现了“士可杀不可辱”的英雄气节,更体现了中国人誓死捍卫民族尊严的豪迈气概。一个普通的中国人,在强权与暴力面前不屈服,守住了自己心灵的高度。

  ②无论是谁,无论面对何种情况,都应该坚守自己的人生准则,就是说要守住心灵的高度。

  ③霍英东,在中国的政界、商界、体育界声名显赫。他从小吃苦,靠着聪明的头脑和不懈的努力,积累了大量财产。他没有为富不仁,而是热心公益,多年来为社会捐款多达200亿元。他说过一句话:“有钱,是上天赐给你做善事的机会。”霍英东是商界的精英,是精神上的富翁,更是守住心灵高度的楷模。然而有人却在金钱、荣誉面前,暴露出丑陋的人性。陕西农民周正龙和他身后的利益集团,制造了哄动一时的“华南虎”事件,就是为了骗取国家的大量拨款及由此可能带来的荣誉。对名利的追逐让他们忘记了生命的最终目标,他们也因此被钉在历史的耻辱架上。

  ④守住心灵的高度,需要心系天下不甘平庸的情怀。早在两千多年前,孟子就提出了“乐以天下,忧以天下”的主张,伟大的爱国诗人屈原更是用生命诠释了理想。屈原出身贵族,在楚国本来有着较高的地位,生活无忧,但是在“举世皆醉”中,他没有随波逐流,而是在真理面前挺身而出,即使被放逐,也决不向邪恶势力低头。虽然他的生命随着汩汩流淌的汨罗江水一同远去,但他以天下为己任的胸怀令人敬仰,他也成为中国人的光辉榜样,只有那些自觉地把自己生命与祖国人民的利益结合在一起的人,才是真正大写的“人”!

  ⑤守住心灵的高度,需要雄厚的资本和健康的心态。在风靡欧洲的法国网球公开赛中,美丽的中国女孩李娜,历经多场苦战,横扫众多欧洲劲敌,杀入冠亚军决赛。万众瞩目之下,她战胜了强劲的对手——意大利网坛老将斯齐亚沃尼。全面扎实的技术、稳定出色的发挥,使她成为本次比赛的冠军,作为亚洲获得大满贯赛冠军的第一人,面对如此殊荣,李娜没有忘乎所以,而是用动听娴熟的英语,微笑着告诉世界:只要有底气,没有什么不可以!当一个人凭借着自己的努力拥有了在世上立足的雄厚资本,就会战胜压力与诱惑,直面自己的心灵。

  ⑥守住心灵的高度,需要顽强的毅力和执着的精神。悬崖上的松树令人敬佩。悬崖上少土,需要它拥有刺穿岩石的力量;悬崖上少水,需要它拥有忍受饥渴的意志;悬崖上少有人照顾,需要它用心灵抚慰自己。树是如此,人又何尝不是?追寻真理的路上,一定会充满荆棘,充满危险。曾子说:“士不可以不弘毅,任重而道远。”罗斯福也说:“生活好比橄榄球比赛,原则就是奋力冲向底线。”只有具备非凡的毅力和不达目的誓不罢休的精神,才能坚守住自己的人生准则。

  ⑦真诚勇敢地面对生活吧,这是我们每个人都应追求的目标。只有让心灵高高地站立着,我们才能体验到真正的幸福,人生才会更加美好。

1.本文的中心论点是什么?

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2.第①段有什么作用?

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3.第④段主要运用了哪两种论证方法?有什么作用?

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4.选择下面一个人,写出他的事例,用来充当本文④⑤⑥段中任意一段的论据。

陶渊明 陆游 邓稼先 袁隆平 成龙 何祥美 比尔·盖茨 海伦·凯乐

(1)选择___的事例,充当第___段的论据。

(2)事例:_______________________________________________

5.阅读下面材料,说一说真正做到“守住心灵的高度”,除选文所论述观点外,还应该具备哪些品质?至少写出三点。

  陈文原是福建一名大学生,被网友亲切地称为“收碗哥”。他每天饭后都在学生食堂里收拾餐具。从视频上可以看到,他手臂上下翻飞,原本杂乱的餐具瞬间被分门别类收拾好。据统计,在两分钟时间里,他收了整整两千只碗盘。他来自农村家庭,靠助学贷款上了大学,此后没有再向家里要过一分钱,课余凭借在学校食堂收碗赚取学费,现已偿还大部分贷款。面对许多因欣赏而有意招聘他的大企业,他婉言谢绝。他计划先把功课学好,把碗收好,毕业之后再自己创业。

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答案

1.无论是谁,无论面对何种情况,都应该坚守自己的人生准则(或:人应该守住心灵的高度。或第②段)。

2.举出孙天帅为维护尊严不屈服的事例,引出论点,作为事实论据证明论点,引起读者的思考。

3.道理论证、举例论证。具体有力地证明了“守住心灵的高度,需要心系天下不甘平庸的情怀”,进而证明中心论点。

4.此题为开放性试题,答案不唯一。(1)围绕分论点恰当选择事例即可,(2)叙述事例能够紧扣分论点,语言流畅通顺。

示例:

(1)袁隆平 ④

(2)袁隆平怀着“中国人能养活中国人”的理想,凭借严谨的科学态度和矢志不移的科学精神,在杂交水稻的研究方面取得了突出的成果,为我国粮食生产和农业科学的发展作出了贡献,令世界为之折服。

5.(1)有理想,有远见,有人生规划,(2)脚踏实地,吃苦耐劳,刻苦努力,(3)自强自立,(4)相信自己,(5)能抵御诱惑(不为诱惑所动)等等。答出三点即可。

阅读理解

My father never wanted his children to know what he did for a living.Dad worked in Plant C.Lying beside lake Erie, it saw him in at sunrise and out at nightfall.Sometimes my mother would take my siblings (兄弟姐妹) and me to the public beach in our hometown of Ashtabula. she'd gather us round and point to the smokestacks, coughing clouds into the sky.

"Wave to daddy!" she'd shout. Four little hands would shoot into the air.I never knew what Dad did in Plant C, but during 34 years of hard work, he had surgery (手术) on his shoulder and hand.At 48, he had his first heart attack.He retired in 1993, right after the last kid graduated from college.But the damage was done.A few years later, the next heart attack killed him.

I saw my dad in Plant C only once, when I took dinner to him.That night, I looked at my father, covered in sweat and coal, and for the first time I knew why he was so often angry for no reason.

Recently my father' s friend, Toby Workman, walked me there.I knew my father never wanted me to see it.At every station, he described the job and the danger.It was like listening to a foreign language.I walked past many DANGER signs.Toby put his hand on my shoulder."look," he said, "you need to understand something.Your dad was a maintenance mechanic.He worked the most dangerous job.If something broke, he fixed it."

A few days later, my daughter graduated from college.I gave her the hard hat Toby handed to me as I left, and this notes: " Whenever you feel something difficult, put this on, look in the mirror, and remember your roots."

小题1:How many siblings does the author most probably have? ____.

A.Three siblings   B.Two siblings                  C.One sibling      D: Four siblings

小题2:Which of the following is TRUE of the facts about the author's father? ____

A.He didn't suffer a heart attack until he retired.

B.He worked in Plant C for 48 years in all.

C.He was hardly angry in his daily life.

D.He did physical work in Plant C.

小题3:When Toby Workman described the author' s father' s job, the author ____.

A.felt familiar with the job

B.didn’t quite understand

C.wanted to learn a foreign language

D.decided to do the same work小题4:The author gave her daughter the hat, hoping that her daughter could ____.

A.remember her grandfather

B.overcome all difficulties by wearing it

C.get encouraged by her grandfather

D.follow her grandfather' s work

单项选择题