问题 问答题

请仔细阅读下文,按要求回答问题.

人类的眼睛

人类的眼睛就像一架照相机.眼睛与照相机的不同之处是:人的眼睛是通过调节晶状体的弯曲程度,改变晶状体的焦距来获得清晰的______、缩小的实像,如图12所示;普通照相机是在物距确定的情况下通过改变像距使像变得清晰.由眼睛的调节作用所能看清的最远点,叫远点,正常眼的远点在极远点.眼睛所能看清的最近的点,叫近点,正常眼的近点约距眼睛10cm.眼睛是人体的重要器官,长时间的用眼,比如看书,看电视、计算机,都可以引起眼睛的疲劳,眼睛疲劳常见症状是头疼脑胀、眼睛发干.看物体时间较长也不易感到疲劳的距离叫明视距离,正常眼的明视距离25cm.

(1)请把文中像的性质补充完整.______.

(2)人的眼睛是通过改变晶状体的______获得清晰的像,普通照相机是在物距确定的情况下通过改变______使像变得清晰.

(3)根据上文,你认为人的正常眼睛的观察范围是______.(填选项)

A.0~10cmB.10~25cmC.10cm到极远处D.0~25cm

(4)某人视力正常,当他用平面镜仔细观察自己的脸部时,应当把镜子拿到离眼睛______处最为合适.(5)如何预防眼睛疲劳,请你提出一条合理化建议:______.

答案

(1)人的眼睛很像一架照相机.眼睛与照相机的不同是:人的眼睛是通过调节晶状体的弯曲程度,改变晶状体的焦距来获得清晰的倒立缩小的实像;

(2)人的眼睛的晶状体相当于凸透镜,晶状体的曲度可以调节,当晶状体的曲度变大,焦距变短,反之亦然;而照相机的镜头是用玻璃做成的,其曲度不能调节,一般是通过调节像距,使像变得更清晰;

(3)由材料可知:正常眼睛的远点在极远处.眼睛所能看清的最近的点,叫近点,正常眼睛的近点约距眼睛10cm.所以正常眼睛的观察范围是:10cm到极远处

(4)应当把镜子放到明视距离的位置,也就是离眼睛12.5cm的地方;

(5)眼睛保健很关键,不要到过强或过暗的光线下看书,不要躺着、坐车看书,以及做眼保健操等.

故答案为:(1)倒立;(2)焦距;像距;(3)C;(4)12.5cm;(5)不要到过强或过暗的光线下看书,不要躺着、坐车看书,以及做眼保健操等.

单项选择题

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

D

Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.

We experience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.

Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can-then let the unconscious take over.

When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》), I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before, and day after dat I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. Relived, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.

Human beings, I believe must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.

According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us().

A. ignore mental problems

B. get some nice sleep

C. gain complete relief

D. find the right solution

单项选择题 B1型题