问题 填空题

南宁至钦州段的高速铁路正在建设中。请回答下列问题:

(1)铁路建设中大量使用了以下材料:①石子;②钢筋水泥柱;③钢轨等,其中钢轨属于______。

A.金属材料 B.合成材料 C.有机天然材料 D.无机非金属材料

(2)建设中,常用铝和氧化铁(Fe2O3)在高温条件下,反应生成熔融状态下的铁单质对钢轨中的缝隙进行焊接。反应的化学方程式为Fe2O3+2AlX+2Fe,则X的化学式为_____,该反应的基本类型是_______。

(3)钢轨长时间使用后会生锈。铁锈的主要成分是Fe2O3·xH2O;除铁锈常用的一种试剂是_________。

(4)请写出防止铁制品锈蚀的两种常用方法:①_____________;②_______________。

答案

(1)A

(2)Al2O3;置换反应

(3)稀盐酸

(4)①在表面涂油;②涂上耐磨和耐腐蚀的镀层

问答题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it

kept the America from being discovered by the people of Europe.

     Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was

that it reached out to "the edge of the world" . Sailors were afraid that they might sail off the earth.

Another idea was that at the equator (赤道) the ocean would be boiling hot.

     The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000

miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2,00 miles (3,200

km) wide.

     Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has few islands. Also,

it is the world's saltiest ocean.

     There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no

more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers, it would take the ocean about more

than 4,000 years to dry up. On the average, the water is a little more than two miles (3.2km) deep, but in

some places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep" measures 30,246

feet-almost six miles (9.6km).

     One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain

range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up

above the sea and make islands.

     Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.

Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels(船) the crew were afraid they would be becalmed (can't move) here. Sometimes they were.

     Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is, however, not always a smooth and safe one. Storms

sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the far North across the paths of

ships.

     We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus

sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four

days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in

four!

1. What caused people to be unwilling to explore the Atlantic?

A. There were no ships big enough to get across the Ocean.

B. Sailors were afraid of being lost in the Ocean.

C. The Atlantic Ocean was very unusual because it has few islands and the saltiest water.

D. Many incorrect ideas such as "the edge of the world", "the equator with boiling hot

     water" made people think the Ocean was full of danger.

2. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?

A. How deep the water is.              

B. How to measure the water in the Atlantic.

C. How much water the ocean holds.    

D. How rain affects the Ocean water.

3. What does the underlined word "highway" mean?

A. High road  

B. Broad way  

C. Fast road  

D. Main water way

4. Why does the writer think "this big ocean seems to have grown smaller"?

A. The water in the ocean is becoming less.

B. We have more and more advanced traveling tools now

C. The distance between the ocean and us is shorter.

D. The steamship has a higher speed.