问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面议论文,回答问题。

不能让流言牵着鼻子走

林治波

  ①前不久,“中国脐橙之乡”湖北省秭归县的朋友来访,忧心忡忡地谈及脐橙的销售问题。县委宣传部的同志说:“一个手机短信让全国的橘子卖不动,我们担心橘子的命运会在脐橙身上重演。产品品质再好也经不起流言的冲击,媒体得帮帮我们呀!”

  ②这些年来,因谣言、流言广为流传而给某个产业造成严重损害的事件,屡有发生。比如,曾有媒体报道,中国啤酒厂家在生产啤酒时为了去除沉淀物而大量使用甲醛。这个说法迅速传往境外,导致大量中国啤酒被国外商家退货。尽管后来的检测证明,许多中国啤酒根本不合甲醛,即便含有甲醛,含量也远低于国家标准和世界卫生组织饮用水标准,甚至低于天然食品中的含量,但巨大的损失已经无可挽回。另一起类似事件是关于香蕉的,先是说“催熟香蕉有毒”,后来又传出香蕉中含有“疑似SARS病毒”,一时间人们谈蕉色变,香蕉无人问津,蕉农血本无归,光是海南一个省的损失就超过5000万元。

  ③一再发生的谣言流传导致巨大损失的事件说明,在信息化时代,“三人成虎”的效应被现代传媒手段急剧放大了。一个并不准确的消息,甚至十分荒谬的谣言,借助于手机和网络能够在短时间内迅速传遍全国,传遍海内外,给相关产业造成巨大损害乃至毁灭性打击,对此我们不能不加以重视,并切实寻求对策。 

  ④首先是要加强平时的监管。广大公众和消费者之所以对谣言、流言采取“宁信其有,不信其无”的态度,在很大程度上是因为一些产品的确存在质量问题。如果把平时的监管抓紧抓好,确保产品质量稳定可靠,谣言、流言也就从根本上失去了市场。

  ⑤其次是建立应急机制。突发性事件和谣言流言往往骤然降临,因此政府有关部门必须建立应急机制,始终紧绷应对突发性事件这根弦,力争在第一时间做出反应、拿出对策,利用多种传媒手段“切断”谣言,把损害减少到最低程度。比如,去年的香蕉风波出现后,海南省政府立即启动了应急预案,一方面在媒体上澄清谣言,一方面安排冷库敞开大门接纳香蕉,100多万元财政资金及时补贴运输车辆,有效地减少了损失。

  ⑥此外,还要追查谣言源头。对社会危害严重的传言,必须追究源头,依法惩治,这是减少谣言流传的最好方法。连续几起谣言传播的事件并未受到追究,这显然不利于从源头上堵住或减少谣言。

  ⑦政府在处理突发事件的过程中,要坚持公开透明,提高政府公信力,否则即使应对及时、手段齐备,也难以达到预期效果。总之,在信息化时代应对“传言危机”,必须学会运用信息化策略和科学的危机处理方法,及时主动地加以处置,而不能被谣言流言牵着鼻子走。(原载《人民日报》)

1.请在选文中找出全文的论点。

_________________________________________

2.选文的第②段主要用了什么论证方法?有什么作用?

_________________________________________

3.请结合选文内容,从下面的两句话中任选一句分析加粗词的表达效果。

①后来又传出香蕉中含有“疑似SARS病毒”,一时间人们谈蕉色变

②不能被谣言流言牵着鼻子走

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答案

1.在信息化时代应对“传言危机”……而不能被谣言流言牵着鼻子走。

2.举例论证或事实论证,以啤酒和香蕉因谣言而受严重经济损失的事例说明谣言的严重危害,从而全面论证论点,增强文章的说服力。

3.①以“淡虎变色”这个成语变化而来,生动形象,深刻论述谣言的危害。

  ②运用拟人的修辞手法,生动形象,深刻地论述了高度重视应对突发性事件和谣言流言的重要性。(意对即可)

阅读理解

In America: There are many more cars than in China. Maybe the number of cars in California is the same as the number in China. But there are fewer traffic jams and accidents in America than in China. We hardly see traffic police in the street, but all cars obey traffic rules strictly , and people hardly find that a car does not obey traffic rules in the street.

About America traffic rules, there are many better terms , such as:

1. Stop line: There are stop line in all crossing without traffic lights(some have two stop lines and others have four stop lines); all cars must stop while meeting the stop lines.

2.Traffic lights: There are traffic lights in the crossing of the road .Cars may almost turn every direction. the traffic lights can give signals step by step including u-turn . There is a kind of middle lane of turning left. When a car wants to turn left in the road, he may enter into the middle lane of turning left and give a signal of turning left. When he thinks being safe he may turn left.

3. Specific item: Such as parking, there are three kinds of lines (its color are white, blue or red) in the roadside. Every line may park different kinds of cars. There are streets in some residential(住宅区) areas, and no car can park at any time or any period time.

4. About the priority (优先权) of passengers and cars: At any case, passengers have the priority to cars. But only after passengers have passed the road and gotten the top of sidestep, cars may go ahead. In general, traffic rules of America are very specific, convenient and safe.

小题1:According to the passage, we can know________.

A.there are more traffic jams and accidents in America than in China

B.traffic policemen are often seen in the street in America

C.California may have as many cars as China

D.You can easily find that a car does not obey traffic rules in the street in America小题2:When you meet a stop line while driving a car in the crossing without traffic lights,,_____.

A.you can go ahead

B.you can turn left

C.you can have a u-turn

D.you must stop小题3:Which color is not include in the parking lines in America ?

A.yellow

B.blue

C.red

D.white小题4:Which of the following is true?

A.Any car can park at any time or any period time in the streets in some residential areas.

B.While giving a signal of turning left and being safe, you can turn left in the middle lane of turning left

C.At any case, cars have the priority to passengers.

D.You can park your car at any one of the three parking lines.小题5:This passage mainly talks about________

A.the priority of passengers and cars

B.the traffic lights

C.the stop line

D.American traffic rules

判断题