问题 综合

下图为某国简图。读图并结合所学知识,回答下列问题。

(1)该国南部海域属于_______洋。该国地形地势的基本特点是________________________________________________________________________________。

(2)从地理位置看,该国属于______气候,这种气候的特点是__________________________________________。

(3)该国人口稠密,在地形、气候条件下,大部分地区形成的农业地域类型为______________。

(4)说明该国气候、地形对发展该类型农业的不利影响。

________________________________________________________________________________

答案

(1)印度;地形以平原为主(大部分为大河下游冲积平原和三角洲);地势低平,北高南低

(2)热带季风;全年气温高,降水量大,分雨季和旱季

(3)水稻种植业(季风水田农业)

(4)雨季降水集中(暴雨),地势低平,排水不畅,形成洪涝灾害;(热带季风气候降水变率大,在水稻生长需水量大时)如果雨季来得迟,去得早(或降水偏少),会形成旱灾。

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Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.