问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成文后各题。

                                 人生的意义在于承担          

梁晓声

  我曾多次被问到“人生有什么意义?”往往,“人生”之后还要加上“究竟”二字。古今中外,解答可谓千般万种,形形色色。我也回答过这一问题,可每次的回答都不尽相同,每次的回答自己都不满意。

  一般而言,儿童和少年不太会问“人生有什么意义”的话,他们倒是很相信人生总归是有些意义的,专等他们长大了去体会。老年人也不会问“人生有什么意义”的话,问谁呢?中年人常问“人生有什么意义”,相互问一问,或自说自话一句,一切都似乎不言而明,于是相互获得某种心理的支持和安慰。因为他们是有压力的,压力常常使他们对人生的意义保持格外的清醒。人生的意义在他们那儿的解释是——责任。

  是的,责任即意义。责任几乎成了大多数寻常百姓的中年人之人生的最大意义。对上一辈的责任,对儿女的责任,对家庭的责任,对单位对职业的责任。人只有到了中年时,才恍然大悟,原来从小盼着快快长大好好地追求和体会一番的人生的意义,除了种种的责任和义务,留给自己的即纯粹属于自己的另外的人生的意义,实在是并不太多了。他们老了以后,甚至会继续以所尽之责任和义务尽得究竟怎样,来掂量自己的人生意义。

  而在一些年轻人眼中,人生的意义就是享受,他们还没有受什么苦,也没有经历大的波折磨难,在他们看来,世界是美好的,人生要享受眼前的美好。如果他们经历了点什么困难,他们更有理由了——人活在这个世界这么苦,不好好享受对不起自己。

  其实,这是大错特错的。我有一种结论,所谓“人生的意义”,它至少是由三部分组成的:一部分是纯粹自我的感受;一部分是爱自己和被自己所爱的人的感受;还有一部分是社会和更多——有时甚至是千千万万别人的感受。

  当一个青年听到一个他渴望娶其为妻的姑娘说 “我愿意”时,当一个姑娘听到一个她渴望嫁其为夫的青年问道“你愿意嫁给我吗”时,他或她由此顿觉人生饱满、有意义了,那么这是纯粹自我的感受。爱迪生之人生的意义,体现在享受电灯、电话等发明成果的全世界人身上;林肯之人生的意义,体现在当时美国获得解放的黑奴们身上;而我们国家的人民,一定会将温 * * * * 之人生的意义,书写在中 * * 的历史上。

  权力、财富、地位、高贵得无与伦比的生活方式,这其中任何一种都不能单一地构成人生的意义。而勇于担当的人,即使卑微,对于爱我们也被我们所爱的人而言,其人生意义可谓大矣!因为他尽到了自己的责任,他承担起了属于自己的义务。这样的人,尽管平凡渺小,但值得钦佩。(文章有改动)

1.在作者看来,人生的意义在于承担起什么?

_________________________________________                                         2.第1段在文章中有什么作用?

_________________________________________                     

3.第2段中说只有中年人常问“人生有什么意义”,他们这样问的原因是什么?   

_________________________________________                                           4.文章第6段列举三位名人事例所要论证的观点是什么?

_________________________________________ 

答案

1.应尽的责任和义务。  

2.引起读者的兴趣,引出对人生意义的探讨。   

3.深感各种压力,经常问问,可以相互获得心理的支持和安慰。

4.“人生的意义”中应包含有“社会和更多——有时甚至是千千万万别人的感受”。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Almost every day the media discovers an African American community fighting some form of environmental threat from land fills, garbage dumps, petrochemical plants, refineries, bus depots, and the list goes on. For years, residents watched helplessly as their communities became dumping grounds.
But citizens didn’t remain silent for long. Local activists have been organizing under the mantie of environmental justice since as far back as 1968. More than three decades ago, the concept of environmental justice had not registered on the radar screens of many environmental or civil rights groups. But environmental justice fits squarely under the civil rights umbrella. It should not be forgotten that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis on an environmental and economic justice mission in 1968, seeking support for striking garbage workers who were underpaid and whose basic duties exposed them to environmentally hazardous conditions.
In 1979, a landmark environmental discrimination lawsuit filed in Houston, followed by similar litigation efforts in the 1980s, rallied activists to stand up to corporations and demand government intervention.
In 1991, a new breed of environmental activists gathered in Washington, D.C. , to bring national attention to pollution problems threatening low-income and minority communities. Leaders introduced the concept of environmental justice, protesting that Black, poor and working-class communities often received less environmental protection than White or more affluent communities. The first National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit effectively broadened what "the environment" was understood to mean. It expanded the definition to include where we live, work, play, worship and go to school, as well as the physical and natural world. In the process, the environmental justice movement changed the way environmentalism is practiced in the United States and, ultimately, worldwide.
Because many issues identified at the inaugural summit remain unaddressed, the second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit was convened in Washington, D.C. , this past October. The second summit was planned for 500 delegates ; but more than 1,400 people attended the four-day gathering.
"We are pleased that the Summit Ⅱ was able to attract a record number of grassroots activists, academicians, students, researchers, planners, policy analysts and government officials. We proved to the world that our movement is alive and well, and growing," says Beverly Wright, chair of the summit. The meeting produced two dozen policy papers that show powerful environmental and health disparities between people of color and Whites.

In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. went to Memphis to help the garbage workers ______.

A.get relieved of some of their basic duties

B.know what environmental justice was

C.fight for better working conditions

D.recognize their dangerous surroundings