问题 问答题 简答题

影响问题的解决有哪些因素?

答案

参考答案:影响问题的解决因素主要有以下几方面:

(1)问题的特征。个体解决有关问题时,常常受到问题的类型、呈现的方式等因素的影响。教师课堂中各种形式的提问、各种类型的课堂和课后练习、习题或作业等.都是学校情境中常见的问题形式。不同的呈现问题的方式将影响个体对问题的理解。

(2)已有的知识经验。已有经验的质与量都影响着问题解决。与问题解决有关的经验越多,解决问题的可能性也就越大。

(3)定势与功能固着。如前所述,定势是影响学习迁移的一个重要因素,而学校情境中的问题解决主要是通过迁移实现的,因此.定势也必然影响问题解决。

功能固着也可以看做是一种定势,即从物体的正常功能的角度来考虑问题的定势。

除了上述因素外,个体的智力水平、性格特征、情绪状态、认知风格和世界观等个性心理特性也制约着问题解决的方向和效果。

阅读理解

  Arthur  Miller(1915-2005)is universally  recognized  as one of the greatest dramatists  of the 20th  century. Miller`s father  had  moved to the USA from  Austria Hungary.Drawn like so many other by the“Great American  Dream”However, he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the  earlv l930s.

Milles's most famous play, Death of a SaIesman, is a powerful attack on the American system.with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman, the hero of the play, we see a man who has got into double with his worth. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment : if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his employer, the Wagner Company, and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this, and at loss as to what to do with his lack of sucess. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.

When it was first staged in 1949 ,the  play was greeted with enthusiastic revews,and it won the Tony Award for Best Play,the New York Drama Critics` Circle Award,and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.

Millerl died  of hear failure at his home in Roxbury,Connecticut,on the evening of February 10,2005,the 56th anniversary  of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway.

小题1:

Why did Arthur Miller' s father move to the USA?

A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.

B.He was attracted by the "Great American Dream.

C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.

D.His family business failed.小题2:

The play Death of a Salesman

A.exposes the cruelty of the American business world

B.discusses the ways to get promoted in a company

C.talks about the business career of Arthur Miller

D.focuses on the skills in doing business小题3:

What can we learn about Willy Loman?

A.He treats his employer badly.

B.He runs the Wagner Company.

C.He is a victim of the American system.

D.He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.小题4:

After it was first staged, Death of a Salesman

A.achieved huge success

B.won the first Tony Award

C.was warmly welcomed by salesmen

D.was severely attacked by dramatists小题5:

What is the text mainly about?

A.Arthur Miller and his family.

B.The awards Arthur Miller won.

C.The hardship Arthur Miller experienced.

D.Arthur Miller and his best-known play.

单项选择题