简述操作技能的形成阶段。_爱下问搜题

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问题问答题简答题

简述操作技能的形成阶段。

答案

参考答案：

（1）操作定向：也称作操作的认知阶段，即理解操作活动的结构和程序的要求，在头脑中建立起操作活动的定向映象的过程。

（2）操作模仿：学习者通过观察，实际再现特定的示范动作或行为模式。

（3）操作整合：是把模仿阶段习得的动作依据其内在联系联结起来，固定下来，并使各动作成分相互结合，成为定型的、一体化的动作。

（4）操作熟练：是操作技能掌握的高级阶段，这个阶段形成的动作方式对各种变化的条件具有高度的适应性，动作的执行达到高度的程序化、自动化和完善化。

多项选择题

作为符号使用时不视为图斑界线的有______。

A．地类界线

B．土地权属界线

C．外围界线

D．单线线状地物

E．行政区域界线

问答题

Part 1

·Read thefollowingpassage, eight sentences have been removed from the article.
·Choose from the sentences A-H the one whichfits each gap.
·For each gap (1-8) mark one letter (A-H) on the Answer Sheet.
·Do not mark any letter twice.
The single, decisive factor that made it possible for mankind to settle in permanent communities was agriculture. (1) Once people could control the production of food and be assured of a reliable annual supple of it, their lives changed completely.
Fanning was a revolutionary discovery. (2) With more food available, more people could be fed. Populations therefore increased. The growing number of people available for more kinds of work led to the development of more complex social structures. (3)
Farming the world over has always relied upon a dependable water supply. For the earliest societies this meant rivers and streams or regular rainfall. (4) Later communities were able to develop by taking advantage of the rainy seasons.
All of the ancient civilizations probably developed in much the same way, in spite of regional and climatic differences. (5) Heavier pottery replaced animal-skin gourds as containers for food and liquids. Cloth could be woven from wool and flax. Permanent structures made of wood, brick, and stone could be erected.
The science of mathematics was an early outgrowth of agriculture. People studied the movements of the moon, the sun, and planets to calculate seasons. (6) With a calendar it was possible to calculate the arrival of each growing season. Measurement of land areas was necessary if property was to be a factor in farming and housekeeping. (7) All of the major ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China emerged in the 4th millennium BC. Historians still debate over which one emerged first. It may well have been the Middle East, in an area called the Fertile Crescent. This region stretches from the Nile River in Egypt northward along the coast of former Palestine, then eastward into Asia to include Mesopotamia. (8) This kind of larming depended on the reproduction of seed, normally from grain crops.
A. It not only made settlements possible and ultimately the building of cities but it also made available a reliable food supply.
B. Later came measures of value as commodity and money exchange became common.
C. In this area people settled along the riverbanks and practiced field agriculture.
D. After farming was developed in the Middle East in about 6500 BC, people living in tribes or family units did not have to be on the move continually searching for food or herding their animals.
E. As villages grew, the accumulation of more numerous and substantial goods became possible.
F. With a food surplus, a community could support a variety of workers who were not farmers.
G. The first great civilizations grow up along rivers.
H. In doing so they created the first calendars.