Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Bullying (欺负) can take a variety of forms, from the verbal being taunted or called hurtful names to the physical being kicked or shoved, as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded (排除)from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, in which about one in ten cases was persistent(执意的). There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.

Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimized pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

Until recently, little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. “There is no bullying at this school” has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: “There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.”

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN ELEVEN WORDS)

小题1:According to the first paragraph, the fact that _________________ belongs to an indirect form of bullying.

小题2:The survey the author conducted indicates that as students grow older, ______________.

小题3:Bullying is likely to cause ________________ feelings among victimized children.

小题4:One possible reason why schools denied the problem of bullying was ______________.