问题 问答题

化学是一门实验科学,关注物质变化过程,探究物质变化的条件很有必要。某化学兴趣小组做了如下图所示的实验。       

A .探究燃烧的条件                

B.探究铁钉生锈的条件    

根据上述实验,回答下列问题:

(1) 实验A 是通过控制哪些因素来探究可燃物燃烧的条件?写出白磷燃烧的化学方程式。

(2)实验B中,中间试管的实验目的是什么?

(3)请总结出铁制品发生锈蚀的主要条件并写出防止铁制品锈蚀的一种方法。

答案

(1)可燃物是否与氧气(或空气)接触,可燃物是否达到燃烧所需的温度;4P+5O22P2O5

(2)探究铁钉在隔绝空气(氧气)的条件下是否生锈;

(3)铁制品同时与空气和水直接接触;  在铁制品表面涂油、覆盖油漆或在表面镀一层抗腐蚀的金属等

阅读理解

     [1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different

opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries

than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the

"Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn

effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers

at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to

infectious-disease rates.    

     [2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human

body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something

affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts

of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body -- and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的)

infection. These illnesses threaten brain development __________. They can directly attack live tissue,

which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block

nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy

channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.    

     [3] Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average

intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average

IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease

burdens top the IQ list.    

     [4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing

variation in national intelligence scores.

1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)

  ____________________________________________________________________

2. Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 4 words)  

Those countries that have the___________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.

3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

                                                                      

4. What can cause intelligence difference? (no more than 8 words)

                                                                     

5. What does the word "they" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)

                                                                    

单项选择题