问题 填空题

I、如图所示,在容器A中装有20℃的水50mL,容器B中装有1mol/L的盐酸50mL,试管C、D相连通,且其中装有红棕色NO2和无色N2O4的混合气体,并处于下列平衡:2NO2⇌N2O4△H=-57kJ/mol,当向A中加入50gNH4NO3晶体使之溶解;向B中加入2g苛性钠时:

(1)C中的气体颜色______; (填“变浅”或“变深”).

(2)若25℃时,起始时仅有NO2气体,达到平衡时,c(NO2)=0.012 5mol/L,c(N2O4)=0.032 1mol/L,则NO2的起始浓度为______,NO2的转化率为______.

Ⅱ.在三支容积均为30cm3针筒中分别抽入10cm3NO2气体,将针筒前端封闭.

(1)将第二支针筒活塞迅速推至5cm3处,此时气体的颜色变深,一段时间后气体颜色又变浅了,但仍比第一支针筒气体的颜色深.

①推进针筒后颜色变深的原因是______;

②一段时间后气体颜色又变浅的原因是______;

③在此过程中,该反应的化学平衡常数将______ (填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”,下同)NO2的转化率将______.

答案

I.(1)硝酸铵的溶解过程是吸热过程,溶解后C中温度降低,化学平衡2NO2⇌N2O4,△H=-57kJ/mol,会向着正反应方向进行,所以颜色变浅,故答案为:变浅;

(2)设:二氧化氮的初始浓度为c,根据题意信息可知:

                 2NO2 ⇌N2O4 

    初始浓度:c         0  

   变化浓度:c-0.0125       0.0321

  平衡时浓度:0.0125     0.0321

c-0.0125
0.0321
=
2
1
,解得c=0.0767mol/L,NO2的转化率为
0.0767-0.0125
0.0767
×100%≈83.7%.

故答案为:0.0767mol/L;83.7%;

Ⅱ.①)将第二支针筒活塞迅速推至5cm3处,气体的体积减小,根据公式c=

n
V
,所以NO2浓度增大,气体的颜色加深,故答案为:气体的体积减小,NO2浓度增大,气体的颜色加深;

②将第二支针筒活塞迅速推至5cm3处,气体的体积减小,同时增大压强,平衡向正反应方向移动,所以一段时间后气体颜色又变浅,故答案为:增大压强,减小气体的体积,平衡向正反应方向移动;

③化学平衡常数只受外界因素中的温度的影响,在此过程中,体系的温度不变,所以该反应的化学平衡常数不变,由于化学平衡正向移动,所以NO2的转化率将增大,故答案为:不变;增大.

填空题


Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer (1) this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring (2) which information is relevant and (3) is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere (4) arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious (5) the problem is, however, this is not as easy (6) it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices (7) color the facts. Most people tend (8) see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools (9) the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately, (10) , the second step consists (11) considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them (12) and then make a list (13) advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets (14) lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems (15) the past. Although that can be helpful most (16) the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy. (17) that case, the mental set must be abandoned, (18) new alternatives must be explored.
After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected (19) among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is (20) try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another (21) the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously (22) the next step—action. The strategy selected must be implemented and tested. If it solves the problem, no further action is necessary, but if (23) , then the cycle begins again, starting (24) problem identification. By continuing to review the problem (25) repeat the problem-solving steps, the solution can be improved upon and refined.