问题 阅读理解与欣赏

读书的“坎儿”

  ①有大学生问2003年被评为中科院院士的一位青年科学家:年轻人怎样才能成功?科学家回答了简单的四个字:请多读书。不只是这位科学家,几乎所有在事业上取得大成就的人,都喜欢“号召”别人读书。书籍是人类社会实践经验和生命智慧的总结,对我们认识世界和自身具有极其重要的意义。如果我们把人的生命比作娇艳欲滴的玫瑰,书籍则是必不可少的氧气和阳光;如果我们把人的生命比作奔腾不息的河流,书籍就是坚固的河床。

  ②从一般意义上讲,读书是最没有门槛的。大学教授可以读,建筑民工也可以读;绿草连天的春日能读,白雪皑皑的冬日也能读;__________,____________。

  ③不过,读书的无门槛是相对于书海里的普通游泳者而言的,一个人想要做一个有品位的读书人,还真得跨越几个心灵的坎儿。

  ④第一,你必须是澄静的。人很难没有欲望,当年,乾隆下江南,看到大运河上熙熙攘攘,问身边一和尚:大运河有多少条船?和尚答:两条,一条为名,一条为利。乾隆非常欣赏和尚的机敏,当即大加赏赐。其实,这和尚并不非常聪明,他只是深谙世道人心的奥秘而已。然而,一个人下决心当读书人,不能有太多的欲望。欲望多的人会不自觉地把书籍分成“有用”、“无用”两种:“有用”的,他废寝忘食地阅读;“无用”的,他视若敝屣。而事实上,所谓“有用”的书,往往是作用于一时的职业的,只能让我们获得物质财富;而“无用”的,则侧重于培育人正确的价值观和道德感,可以使我们获得心灵高度。

  ⑤第二,你应该学会坚持。人对自然、社会、人生的认识只能一步步走近真理,而不可能完全抵达真理,这就决定了书籍的正确性永远是有限的。正因为有限,我们就得不断地跟踪事物的新进展,掌握知识的新动态,让自己的生命与面对的生活一起前进。读书没有恒心,一个人的思想必然陈旧、浅薄,我们创造物质、精神财富的能力就会变得虚弱不堪。

  ⑥第三,我们一定要培养明辨是非的能力。书籍并不是真理的代名词,真理可以利用它,谬误和谎言同样可以利用它。一个人要对市面上良莠不齐的书籍作出选择,靠别人把关是没有太多作用的。别人认为不好的,你也许觉得好;别人以为精美绝伦的,你或许感觉一塌糊涂。对书的考察,最可靠的评判官是你的心灵——非同寻常的对知识的敏感,超乎群伦的观人察事的眼光以及对人文精神的深刻把握。

1.“读书的‘坎儿’”在文中具体指哪些?

答:_______________________________。     

2.根据第②段内容回答:

(1)仿写:大学教授可以读,建筑民工也可以读;绿草连天的春日能读,白雪皑皑的冬日也能读;__________,__________。

(2)为什么说“读书是最没有门槛的”?

答:________________________________。 

3.第④段引用乾隆与和尚的对话用意是什么?

答:________________________________。

4.孟子说:“尽信书则不如无书”,这种说法与第⑤段的哪个句子意思相近?这句话还暗含了什么道理?

答:______________________________。

答案

1.太多的欲望;没有恒心;不能分辨是非  

2.(1)“略”。  

   (2)人人可以读;时时可以读;处处可以读。

3.意在论证人们的欲望太多,因此读书人必须澄静。

4.书籍的正确性永远是有限。

   道理:我们要用辨证的眼光对待书籍中提供的信息,或理论要有实践来支撑。(上述主观题意对即可)

单项选择题
单项选择题

Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents’ happiness Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good "old-fashioned" spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.
Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on childcare, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of heir offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey’
Children are hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine ’indeed.
The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps there’s some truth in the idea that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail to make a success of life.

The author says that today’s parents______

A. are bombarded with excessive amounts of child-care literature.
B. draw a distinction between permissiveness and negligence.
C. are partial towards children from happy home backgrounds.
D. weigh their children’s intellect rather than intelligence.