问题 阅读理解

A young man worked very hard at his lessons. He was too busy to have a rest. At last, he became ill, so he couldn’t go to sleep. Every night, when he went to bed, he closed his eyes and tried to sleep. But he always stayed awake and couldn’t fall asleep.

After some days, he decided to see a doctor. “I just can’t go to sleep at night. What should I do? Could you please help me?”

“I have a suggestion(建议),”said the doctor. “Try counting numbers. By the time you reach one thousand, you’ll be asleep. I’m sure of it.”

The next day the man returned to the doctor’s office. “Well,” said the doctor, how are you today? Did you try my suggestion?”

The man still looked tired. “Yes,” he said, “I tried counting one, two, and three— up to one thousand. But when I reached five hundred and sixty-nine, I began to feel sleepy. I had to get up and drink some tea so that I could go on counting up to one thousand. But then I still couldn’t fall asleep.”

小题1:The young man couldn’t go to sleep because ____________________,

A.he was worried about his homework

B.he worked too hard and became ill

C.he didn’t finish doing his lessons

D.there was a lot of noise there and he couldn’t have a rest小题2:The doctor asked the young man ________________________.

A.to get up to drink some tea

B.to take some medicine and go to bed earlier

C.to count numbers while he was lying in bed

D.to count numbers before he went to bed小题3:The young man returned to the doctor’s office the next day because______.

A.he wanted to ask the doctor how to count the numbers

B.he wanted to thank the doctor

C.he was better and wanted some more medicine

D.he still couldn’t go to sleep at night小题4:The young man _________.

A.counted from 569 to 1000

B.counted from 1 to 1000 and fell asleep

C.counted from 1 to 569 and got up to drink some tea

D.counted from 1 to 569 and fell asleep小题5:The young man _____ in fact.

A.didn’t understand the doctor’s suggestion

B.wasn’t ill at all

C.was not able to count numbers

D.didn’t try the doctor’s suggestion

答案

小题1:B

小题2:C

小题3:D

小题4:C

小题5:A

本文描述的意味医生和一个失眠的年轻人之间的故事

小题1:通过文章中“A young man worked very hard at his lessons. He was too busy to have a rest. At last, he became ill, so he couldn’t go to sleep”可推断答案为B

小题2:通过文章中   “I have a suggestion(建议),”said the doctor. “Try counting numbers. By the time you reach one thousand, you’ll be asleep. I’m sure of it.”可推断答案为C

小题3:通过文章中第三段课推断出,答案为D

小题4:通过文章中“when I reached five hundred and sixty-nine, I began to feel sleepy. I had to get up and drink some tea so that I could go on counting up to one thousand. But then I still couldn’t fall asleep.”可推断答案为C

小题5:通过the young man所做的,表明,他并未理解医生的建议,故选A

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,回答问题

诗的源头是歌谣。上古时候,没有字,只有唱的歌谣,没有写的诗。一个人高兴的时候或悲哀的时候,常愿意将自己的心情诉说出来,给别人或自己听。 日常的言语不够劲儿,便用歌唱,一唱三叹得叫别人回肠荡气。唱叹再不够的话,便手也舞起来了,脚也蹈起来了,反正要将劲儿使到了家。碰到节日,大家聚在一起酬神作乐,唱歌的机会更多。或一唱众和,或彼此竞胜,传说葛天氏的乐八章,三个人唱,拿着牛尾,踏着脚,似乎就是描写这种光景的。歌谣越唱越多,虽没有书,却存在人的记忆里。有了现成的歌儿,就可借他人酒杯,浇自己块垒,随时拣一支合适的唱唱,也足可消愁解闷。若没有完全合适的,尽可删一些改一些,到称意为止;流行的歌谣中往往不同的词句并行不悖,就是为此。可也有经过众修饰,成为定本的歌谣真可说是“一人的机锋,多人的智慧”了。

歌谣可分为徒歌和乐歌。徒歌是随口唱,乐歌是随着乐器唱。徒歌也有节奏,手舞脚蹈便是帮助节奏的;可是乐歌的节奏更规律化些。乐器在中国似乎早就有了,《礼记》里说的土鼓土槌儿、芦管儿,也许是我们乐器的老祖宗。到了《诗经》时代,有了琴瑟钟鼓,已是______。歌谣的节奏最主要的靠重叠或叫复沓;本来歌谣以表情为主,只要翻来覆去将情表到了家就成,用不着费话。重叠可以说原是歌谣的生命,节奏也便建立在这上头。字数的均齐,韵脚的调协,似乎是后来发展出来的。有了这些,重叠才在诗歌里失去主要的地位。

有了文字以后,才有人将那些歌谣纪录下来,便是最初的写的诗了,但纪录的人似乎并不是因为欣赏的缘故,更不是因为研究的缘故。他们大概是些乐工,乐工的职务是奏乐和唱歌;唱歌得有词儿,一面是口头传授,一面也就有了唱本儿。歌谣便是这么写下来的。我们知道春秋时的乐工就和后世阔人家的戏班子一样,老板叫作太师。那时各国都养着一班乐工,各国使臣来往,宴会时都得奏乐唱歌。太师们不但得搜集本国乐歌,还得搜集别国乐歌。不但搜集乐词,还得搜集乐谱。那时的社会有贵族与平民两级。太师们是伺候贵族的,所搜集的歌儿自然得合贵族们的口味,平民的作品是不会入选的。他们搜得的歌谣,有些是乐歌,有些是徒歌,徒歌得合乐才好用。合乐的时候,往往得增加重叠的字句或章节,便不能保存歌词的原来样子。除了这种搜集的歌谣以外,太师们所保存的还有贵族们为了特种事情,如祭祖、宴客、房屋落成、出兵、打猎等等作的诗。这些可以说是典礼的诗。又有讽谏、颂美等等的献诗;献诗是臣下作了献给君上,准备让乐工唱给君上听的,可以说是政治的诗。太师们保存下这些唱本儿,带着乐谱;唱词儿共有三百多篇,当时通称作“诗三百”。到了战国时代,贵族渐渐衰落,平民渐渐抬头,新乐代替了古乐,职业的乐工纷纷散走。乐谱就此亡佚,但是还有三百来篇唱词儿流传下来,便是后来的《诗经》了。

“诗言志”是一句古话,“诗”这个字就是“言”“志”两个字合成的。但古代所谓“言志”和现在所谓“抒情”并不一样;那“志”总是关联着政治或教化的。春秋时通行赋诗。在外交的宴会里,各国使臣往往得点一篇诗或几篇诗叫乐工唱,这很像现在的请客点戏,不同处是所点的诗句必加上政治的意味。这可以表示这国对那国或这人对那人的愿望、感谢、责难等等,都从诗篇里断章取义。断章取义是不管上下文的意义,只将一章中一两句拉出来,就当前的环境,作政治的暗示。如《左传》襄公二十七年,郑伯宴请晋使赵孟于垂陇,赵孟请大家赋诗,他想看看大家的“志”,子太叔赋的是《野有蔓草》。原诗首章云:“野有蔓草,零露溥兮,有美一人,清扬婉兮。邂逅相遇,适我愿兮。”子太叔只取末两句,借以表示郑国欢迎赵孟的意思;上文他就不管。全诗原是男女私情之作,他更不管了。可是这样办正是“诗言志”;在那回宴会里,赵孟就和子太叔说了“诗以言志”这句话。

到了孔子时代,赋诗的事已经不行了,孔子却采取了断章取义的办法,用《诗》来讨论做学问做人的道理。“如切如磋,如琢如磨”,本来说的是治玉,将玉比人。他却用来教训学生谈学问的工夫。“巧笑倩兮,美目盼兮,素以为绚兮”,本来说的是美人,所谓天生丽质。他却拉出来末句比方作画,说光有白底子,才会有画,是一步步进展的;作画还是比方,他说的是文化,人先是朴野的,后来才进展了文化——文化必须修养而得,并不是与生俱来的。他如此解诗,所以说“思无邪”一句话可以包括“诗三百”的道理,又说诗可以鼓舞人,联合人,增加阅历,发泄牢骚,事父事君的道理都在里面。孔子以后,“诗三百”成为儒家的《六经》之一,《庄子》和《荀子》里都说到“诗言志”,那个“志”便指教化而言。

(节选自朱自清《经典常谈·诗经第四》,北京出版社,2004)

第三段中作者认为所谓“诗三百”是()

A.春秋时代各国太师们整理保存下来的唱本

B.为欣赏和研究记录下来的歌谣

C.乐工唱歌所用的歌词

D.太师们从民间搜集的歌谣

单项选择题