问题 问答题

最近科学家提出“绿色自由”构想:把空气吹入碳酸钾溶液,然后再把CO2从溶液中提取出来,经化学反应后使空气中的CO2转变为可再生燃料甲醇.“绿色自由”构想技术流程如下:

(1)在合成塔中,若有2.2kgCO2与足量H2恰好完全反应,生成气态的水和甲醇,可放出2473.5kJ的热量,试写出合成塔中发生反应的热化学方程式______.

(2)①上述合成反应具有一定的可逆性,从平衡移动原理分析,低温有利于原料气的转化,而实际生产中采用300°C的温度,其原因是______.

②“绿色自由”构想技术流程中常包括物质和能量的“循环利用”,上述流程中能体现“循环利用”的除碳酸钾溶液外,还包括______.

③下列措施中能使n(CH3OH)/n(CO2)增大的是______.

A.升高温度                       B.充入He(g),使体系压强增大

C.将H2O(g)从体系中分离         D.再充入1molCO2和3molH2

(3)甲醇可制作燃料电池.写出以氢氧化钾为电解质的甲醇燃料电池负极反应式______.当电子转移的物质的量为______时,参加反应的氧气的体积是6.72L(标准状况下).

(4)常温下,0.1mol/L KHCO3溶液的pH大于8,则溶液中各种离子浓度由大到小的顺序为:______.

答案

(1)2.2kgCO2的物质的量为:

2200g
44g/mol
=50mol,生成1mol甲醇放出热量为:
2473.5kJ
50mol
=49.47kJ/mol,则合成塔中发生反应的热化学方程式为:

CO2(g)+3H2(g)═CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)△H=-49.47kJ•mol-1,故答案为:CO2(g)+3H2(g)═CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)△H=-49.47kJ•mol-1

(2)①实际生产中采用300°C的温度,是因为在用300°C时,催化剂活性最大,反应速率最快,故采用此温度,故答案为:考虑到催化剂的催化活性,加快反应速率;

②从反应流程来看,分解池需要高温水蒸气,而合成塔温度在300°C,故分离出甲醇后,水蒸气可循环利用,故答案为:高温水蒸气;

③使n(CH3OH)/n(CO2)增大,平衡应向正反应方向移动,升高温度,平衡逆向移动;充入氦气,反应体系浓度不变,对平衡无影响;将H2O(g)从体系中分离,减少了生成物浓度,平衡正向进行;再充入1molCO2和3molH2,相当于加压,平衡正向进行,只有CD符合,故答案为:CD;

(3)负极上燃料甲醇失电子发生氧化反应,考虑电解质的参与反应,故电极反应式为:CH3OH+8OH-6e-═CO32-+6H2O,

n(O2)=

6.72L
22.4L/mol
=0.3mol,1molO2反应转移4mol电子,故0.3molO2转移1.2mol,

故答案为:CH3OH+8OH-6e-═CO32-+6H2O;1.2mol;

(4)由于碳酸氢根水解,所以c(K+)>c(HCO3-),由于水解是微弱的,所以c(HCO3-)>c(OH-),溶液显碱性,所以c(OH-)>c(H+),

氢离子来源于两个方面,一是水的电离,二是碳酸氢根的电离,故c(H+)>c(CO32-),由此可知离子浓度大小关系为:

c(K+)>c(HCO3-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)>c(CO32-),

故答案为:c(K+)>c(HCO3-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)>c(CO32-).

阅读理解

阅读理解

     The White family come to a new big city, but Mrs White's son, Bob, is not happy. He doesn't

have anyone to play with. "Don't worry!" says his mother. "You will soon make friends here."

     One morning, there is a knock at the door. Bob's mother, Mrs White, opens it. There stands

a woman with brown hair. It is Mrs Miller. She comes to borrow two eggs. She wants to make

cakes. Mrs White gives her two. In the afternoon there is another knock at the door. Mrs White

opens it and she sees a boy standing there. "My name is Jack Miller," he says. "My mother sends

you this cake and the two eggs."

     "Well, thank you , Jack," says Mrs White. "Come in and meet my son Bob."

     Look! Bob and Jack are having cake and milk. They are playing football. Now they are friends!

Jack says, "I'm glad you live next door." Bob says, "I must thank your mother for coming to borrow

eggs." Jack laughs and tells Bob, "My mother doesn't want the two eggs, but she wants to make

friends with your mother. " Bob says, "That's a funny way to make friends. It's an easy way, too.

It can work!

1. Bob feels __________ when his family moves to a new city.

A. unhappy

B. happy

C. tired

D. busy

2. Mrs Miller __________ one morning.

A. gives Mrs White a piece of cake

B. asks Bob to play with his son

C. borrows eggs from Mrs White

D. lends two eggs to Mrs White

3. In the afternoon __________ have cake and milk together.

A. Jack and Mrs Miller

B. Bob and his mother

C. Mrs White and Mrs. Miller

D. Bob and Jack

4. Which of the following is true?

A. Mrs Miller is Mrs White's old neighbor(邻居).

B. Mrs Miller wants to make friends with the Whites.

C. There aren't any eggs in Mrs White's home one morning.

D. There aren't any eggs in Mrs Miller's home.

5. The best title of this passage is __________.

A. Way to Borrow Eggs

B. Way to Make Cakes

C. Way to Make Friends

D. How to Make Cakes

填空题