问题 问答题

A、B、C是单质,其中A是金属,各种物质间的转化关系如图:根据图示转化关系回答:

(1)写出下列物质的化学式.A______,B______,乙______,丁______.

(2)写出下列变化的化学方程式.

①A与NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式______.②甲与NaOH溶液反应的离子方程式______.

(3)将一定量的A加入到NaOH溶液中,产生的C在标准状况下的体积为3.36L,则消耗的A的物质的量为______,转移电子数目为______.

答案

常见金属单质中能与NaOH溶液反应产生气体的只有Al,所以A是Al,乙是NaAlO2,C是H2,甲是Al的化合物,可和NaOH溶液反应产生NaAlO2,甲可能是Al2O3,则丙是H2O,B即是O2,根据NaAlO2+CO2+2H2O═NaHCO3+Al(OH)3↓得丁是Al(OH)3,则:

(1)由上述分析可知,A为Al,B为O2,乙是NaAlO2,丁是Al(OH)3

故答案为:Al,O2,NaAlO2,Al(OH)3

(2)①Al与NaOH溶液反应生成偏铝酸钠与氢气,反应方程式为:2Al+2NaOH+2H2O═2NaAlO2+3H2↑;

故答案为:2Al+2NaOH+2H2O═2NaAlO2+3H2↑;

②Al2O3与NaOH溶液反应生成偏铝酸钠与水,反应离子方程式为:Al2O3+2OH-═2AlO2-+H2O;

故答案为:Al2O3+2OH-═2AlO2-+H2O;

(3)产生的H2在标准状况下的体积为3.36L,物质的量为

3.36L
22.4L/mol
=0.15mol,根据2Al+2NaOH+2H2O═2NaAlO2+3H2↑可知,消耗的Al的物质的量为0.15mol×
2
3
=0.1mol,转移电子数目为0.1mol×3×NAmol-1=0.3NA

故答案为:0.1mol,0.3NA

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali

sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280

feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.

     Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha”- the land of fire. Death Valley's present

name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its

unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has

been declared a National Monument and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can

be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this

place.

     Here nature created a lot of surprising scenes, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the

frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and

colorful parts of Death Valley is the Devil's Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from

dreams. Sand sculptures stand-on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.

1.The name “Death valley” comes from _____.

A. an Indian name

B. the death of the miners

C. the local people

D. a National Monument

2. From the passage we can learn that _____.

A. no one had ever known the desert before the miners

B. it's still not easy to travel across the desert

C. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert

D. people have changed the natural sight of the desert

3. The Devil's Golf Course is famous for _____.

A. the terrible sights

B. the moon-like sights

C. the dream-like sights

D. the ever-changing sights

4. From the passage we can see that the writer _____ the Death Valley .

A. appreciates

B. is fearful of

C. dislikes

D. is tired of