问题 填空题

有机物A(C10H20O2)具有兰花香味.已知:

①B分子中没有支链.

②D能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出二氧化碳.

③D、E互为具有相同官能团的同分异构体.E分子烃基上的氢若被Cl取代,其一氯代物只有一种.

④F可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色.

(1)B可以发生的反应有______(选填序号).

①取代反应   ②消去反应    ③加聚反应    ④氧化反应

(2)D、F分子所含的官能团的名称依次是______、______.

(3)写出与D、E具有相同官能团的同分异构体的可能结构简式:______.

(4)B与E反应生成A的化学反应方程式______

(5)某学生检验C的官能团时,取1mol/LCuSO4溶液和2mol/LNaOH溶液各1mL,在一支洁净的试管内混合后,向其中又加入0.5mL40%的C,加热后无红色沉淀出现.该同学实验失败的原因可能是______(选填序号)

①加入的C过多              ②加入的C太少

③加入CuSO4溶液的量过多     ④加入CuSO4溶液的量不够.

答案

D能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应放出二氧化碳,D含有羧基,由转化关系B连续两次氧化得D,可得B为醇,C为醛,D、E互为具有相同官能团的同分异构体,D、E为羧酸,故A为酯,且B、C、D、E、F分子中碳原子数相同,A的分子式为C10H20O2,为饱和一元酯,则B、E分子式依次为C5H12O、C5H10O2,B无支链,故B结构简式为CH3(CH23CH2OH,C为CH3(CH23CHO,D为CH3(CH23COOH,E分子烃基上的氢若被Cl取代,其一氯代物只有一种,含有3个甲基,则E的结构简式为(CH33CCOOH,B和E发生酯化反应生成A,故A为C(CH33COOCH2(CH23CH3,F可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色,则B在浓硫酸、加热条件下发生消去反应生成F,F为烯烃,结构简式为CH3(CH22CH=CH2

(1)B结构简式为CH3(CH23CH2OH,含有-OH,可以发生取代反应,与羟基相连的碳原子相邻的碳原子上含有H原子,可以发生消去反应,与羟基相连的碳原子上含有H原子,可以发生氧化,不能发生加聚反应,

故答案为:①②④;

(2)D为CH3(CH23COOH,含有的官能团为羧基,F为CH3(CH22CH=CH2,含有官能团为碳碳双键,

故答案为:羧基,碳碳双键;

(3)与CH3(CH23COOH、(CH33CCOOH具有相同官能团的同分异构体,属于羧酸,可能结构简式有:

CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH、CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH,

故答案为:CH3CH(CH3)CH2COOH、CH3CH2CH(CH3)COOH;

(4)(CH33CCOOH和CH3(CH23CH2OH发生酯化反应生成C(CH33COOCH2(CH23CH3,化学方程式为:

CH3(CH23CH2OH+C(CH33COOH

浓硫酸
C(CH33COOCH2(CH23CH3+H2O,

故答案为:CH3(CH23CH2OH+C(CH33COOH

浓硫酸
C(CH33COOCH2(CH23CH3+H2O;

(5)C为CH3(CH23CHO,含有醛基,用新制的氢氧化铜检验,需要再碱性条件下、加热,取1mol/LCuSO4溶液和2mol/LNaOH溶液各1mL,二者恰好反应生成氢氧化铜,硫酸铜过多,不是碱性条件,故加热无红色沉淀出现,

故答案为:③.

完形填空

小题1:It is easy to protect the planet! These tips help save limited resources, especially water. So give the tips a try and get green. You can take short showers instead of having a bath and turn off the water while brushing your teeth. Be sure to ask your parents before trying any of these tips.

小题2:It might not seem like such a big deal, but think about how much time you spend sitting before your computer and playing computer games. And then you get up to go to school the next morning with a very heavy backpack. Now, without moving anymore, check out your posture.

小题3:The school year always brings new friends, new teachers, new assignments, and unfortunately some new germs. But don’t worry; a new school year doesn’t have to mean new illnesses! Follow these tips and you might score a perfect attendance (出席人数) record this year!

小题4:Going to school is an exciting time because everything’s new --- teachers, new package of markers when last year’s set works just well. In addition to reusing old supplies, we’ve got a great list of ways to be green in the new school year.

小题5:Be sure to ask your parents and yourself to save energy in the summer. You can try any of these tips. Turn off the TV and play in a garden or park. Turn off your computer before you go to bed each night.

A.Green Tips: Conserve Resources Turn off the water while brushing your teeth.

B.Green Tips: Save Power Play outside instead of using electricity.

C.Green Tips: Back to School Reusing anything possible is better for the environment

and yourself!

D.20 Tips for a Germ-free School Year Wash your hands with soap and water to kill germs.Drinking water: Bottled or From the Tap?    For every six water bottles we use,

only one makes it to the recycling bin.

F. Bad Posture Means Pain           Kids should carry backpacks that weigh less than 10 to

15 percent of their body weight.

不定项选择