问题 填空题

如图是一些重要工业生产的转化关系(反应条件略去):

请完成下列问题:

(1)若D是单质,且与A属于同一主族,则.

①反应的化学方程式是______.

②D的原子结构示意图是______.

③D单质的一种重要用途是______.

(2)若B为黄色固体,D为固体化合物,则

①该反应的化学方程式是______.

②生产该工业品的工厂应建在离______较近的地方.

③实验室检验C的方法是______.

(3)若B是一种有刺激性气味的气体,则

①B的分子形状是______.

②实验室进行此实验时,常看到有大量白烟产生,请说明产生大量白烟的原因______.

③化合物C在一定体积的容器中,在一定条件下发生反应,测得容器内气体的压强略小于原来的

2
3
,请写出该反应的化学方程式______.

答案

(1)D与A同主族,A能置换出D,且该反应是重要反应,则分析元素周期表,可知A是C,D是Si,即2C+SiO2

 高温 
.
 
2CO+Si.Si的原子结构示意图是

,硅单质的一种重要用途是制半导体材料,故答案为:2C+SiO2

 高温 
.
 
2CO+Si;

;制半导体材料;

(2)①化合物B为黄色固体,中学阶段的黄色固体化合物有AgI、硫铁矿等,能用于工业生产的只能是用黄铁矿生成浓硫酸,即A是氧气,B是FeS2,C是SO2,因此化学方程式为4FeS2+11O2

 高温 
.
 
2Fe2O3+SO2,故答案为:4FeS2+11O2
 高温 
.
 
2Fe2O3+SO2↑;

②该反应用于工业生产硫酸,由于浓硫酸是腐蚀品,运输成本较高,且危险性大,因此建厂时应该选择在使用浓硫酸密集的地方,即工业区集中的消费中心,故答案为:消费中心;

③因为氯气和二氧化硫都能使品红试液褪色,所以利用二者化学性质的差别,实验室检验二氧化硫通常采用:将气体C通入品红溶液中,溶液褪色,将溶液加热,又恢复红色,

故答案为:将气体C通入品红溶液中,溶液褪色,将溶液加热,又恢复红色;

(3)①该反应为工业生产的转化关系,又实验室做该实验有白烟,结合中学阶段氨气与挥发性酸相遇会产生白烟的知识,可知该反应是工业上氨气催化氧化制取硝酸的反应,即

4NH3+5O2

催化剂
.
4NO+6H2O,因此B是NH3,C是NO.氨气分子是三角锥形,故答案为:三角锥形;

②实验室进行此反应,NO会被过量氧气氧化为NO2,进而与水反应生成硝酸,硝酸与氨气反应生成硝酸铵而产生大量白烟,即:生成的NO气体被氧气氧化生成NO2,NO2与水反应生成的硝酸与NH3反应而产生大量白烟,故答案为:生成的NO气体被氧气氧化生成NO2,NO2与水反应生成的硝酸与NH3反应而产生大量白烟;

③NO在密闭容器中一定条件下可以分解为二氧化氮和一氧化二氮,发生的反应为3NO=NO2+N2O,由于存在2NO2?N2O4而容器内气体的压强略小于原来的

2
3

故答案为:3NO=NO2+N2O.

多项选择题
完形填空

阅读下面短文并回答问题,然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

[1] My high school, like many others, was extremely competitive not only in sports but also in academic subjects. The pressure of trying to get excellent grades while joining in extra-curricular activities could be great. Sometimes it seemed like I lived at school! When I was at home my time was spent doing homework. Some days I was so busy finishing a project that I could hardly see my families.

[2] I have a brother and a sister named Sally. She was nine years old. We used to see each other, but after I graduated from the primary school she attended, I saw her less and less. I tried to go to her gymnastic meets and soccer games, but I had my own play rehearsals(排练)and meetings.

[3] Then one day I came home, an empty house and I found a note from my mom. She was at my brother’s baseball game. However my sister was at her friend’s, and would be dropped off.

[4] At five o’clock I went to turn on the light on the front porch and saw my sister walking towards the door with her friend and her friend’s father. I heard them talking.

[5] “Is anyone at home?” the father asked.

[6] “Just my mean elder sister, Sara, and she’s probably in her room as usual,” my sister replied. I couldn’t believe it. I didn’t even know who this man and my sister was making me sound like one of Cinderella’s wicked (可恶的)stepsisters. I opened the door, thanked the father for _______________, then shut the door and started to cry.

[7] To make a long story short, a huge fight followed that ended with me driving my sister to her room. But I realized that what was worse than the fight was that I really hadn’t been a good elder sister.

[8] I had lost track (路线,方向)of what was important, and what really mattered. I had been fallen into a whirlpool(漩涡)of pressure and competition, and it took my sister’s honest observation to show me that the grades I got didn’t matter to everyone---certainly not to her. All that matters to her is that I’m her elder sister, and that’s what matters to me, too.

小题1:What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?  ( no more than 10 words )

小题2:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 6 with proper words. ( no more than 5 words )

小题3:Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.

小题4:How did Sally think of her sister?  ( no more than 10 words )

小题5:What lesson did Sara learn from her sister in the last paragraph? ( no more than 10 words )