问题 问答题

在下列物质转化关系中,反应的条件和部分产物已略去.

回答下列问题:

(1)若甲、乙是两种常见金属,反应Ⅲ是工业制盐酸的反应.

①反应I中,甲在通常条件下和水剧烈反应,除丙外,还生成一种焰色反应为黄色的物质,则工业上生产甲的一般方法是______.

A.热分解法    B.热还原法    C.电解法

②反应Ⅱ中,乙与H2O在高温下反应,除丙外,还生成一种有磁性的物质,则反应Ⅱ的化学方程式是______.

③通过比较反应I、Ⅱ的反应条件,可得出甲的金属性比乙的金属性______(填“强”或“弱”),比较二者金属性强弱的依据还可以是______(写出一种即可).

(2)若甲、乙是化合物,且反应Ⅲ是工业制漂白粉的反应.

①反应Ⅲ的化学方程式是______.

②反应I的另一种产物为有机物,则该有机物的电子式是______.

③反应Ⅱ是化合反应.乙可与硫酸铵共热反应制氨气,则此反应的化学方程式是______.

④在饱和氯水中加块状石灰石,能制得较浓HClO溶液,同时放出一种气体.其反应的离子方程式是______.

答案

(1)①反应Ⅲ是工业制盐酸的反应,根据元素守恒知,丙是氢气,丁是氯化氢;若甲、乙是两种常见金属,能和水反应的常见金属是铁、钠,焰色反应的物质含有钠元素,钠和水反应生成氢氧化钠和氢气,所以甲是钠乙是铁,钠是活泼金属,采用电解熔融盐的方法冶炼,故选C;

②通过以上分析知,乙是铁,高温条件下,铁和水反应生成四氧化三铁和氢气,反应方程式为2Fe+4H2O(g)

 高温 
.
 
Fe3O4+4H2

故答案为:2Fe+4H2O(g)

 高温 
.
 
Fe3O4+4H2

③根据反应条件知,钠的金属性比铁强,比较金属性强弱的方法还有:与酸反应置换氢气的难易程度、其碱的碱性强弱等,

故答案为:强;NaOH是强碱,Fe(OH)3是弱碱;

(2)①若甲、乙是化合物,且反应Ⅲ是工业制漂白粉的反应,则丙是氢氧化钙,氢氧化钙和氯气反应生成氯化钙、次氯酸钙和水,

反应方程式为2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O,故答案为:2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O;

②反应I的另一种产物为有机物,碳化钙和水反应生成乙炔和氢氧化钙,乙炔的电子式为:

,故答案为:

③反应Ⅱ是化合反应.乙可与硫酸铵共热反应制氨气,则乙是氧化钙,氧化钙和硫酸铵反应生成硫酸钙、氨气和水,反应方程式为:CaO+(NH42SO4=CaSO4+2NH3↑+H2O,

故答案为:CaO+(NH42SO4=CaSO4+2NH3↑+H2O;

④氯水中含有盐酸和次氯酸,在饱和氯水中加块状石灰石,碳酸钙和盐酸反应生成氯化钙、二氧化碳和水,从而能制得较浓HClO溶液,

离子反应方程式为:2Cl2+H2O+CaCO3=Ca2++2Cl-+2HClO+CO2↑,故答案为:2Cl2+H2O+CaCO3=Ca2++2Cl-+2HClO+CO2↑.

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     阅读下面的短文,并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的字数要求).

     A mobile phone service which makes your handset scream when it's been stolen has been started,

with its makers claiming it could put an end to mobile theft altogether.

     The Remote XT system uses software to link customers' mobile phones directly to a secure remote

server, which stores all their data from phone numbers to text messages and e-mails. If the owner's phone

is lost or stolen, they can dial a 24-hour call centre and have it registered. The handset is then disabled,

and cannot even be used if a new SIM card is put in. At the same time, the system sets off an alarm

sounding like a high-pitched(尖声的) scream, which can only be stopped by removing the battery.

     Existing data is also wiped off the phone but, because the information has been stored centrally,         

as soon as the victim gets a news phone, the system designers said.

     "By making mobiles unusable to anyone but the rightful owner the phones become worthless and we

will see the market for stolen handsets stopped once and for all," said Mark Whiteman, managing

director of Remote XT. For the moment the system is aimed at business customers and comes with a

fee of 9.99 pounds per month, possibly available to the majority of average users within two years as

mobile technology advances.

      According to the latest UK government statistics, mobile phone theft has risen 190 percent in recent

years, with one third of all UK robberies now solely involving mobile phones.

1. What is the best title for the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

With a phone lost or stolen, the phone's user can call a service centre at any time, having his/ her case

recorded.

3. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please

answer within 10 words.)

4. Do you believe the security system can put an end to phone theft? Try to give your reasons. (Please

answer within 30 words.)

____________________________________________________________________________

5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.