问题 填空题

已知X、Y、Z三元素的原子序数依次增大,在周期表中X的原子半径最小,Y、Z原子最外层电子数之和为10.C、D是由X、Y、Z中两种元素组成的化合物,C通常状况下为无色液体,D为无色非可燃性气体,G为黄绿色单质气体,J、M为金属,I有漂白作用,反应①常用于制作印刷电路板.各物质之间的转换关系如下图,部分生成物省略.

请回答下列问题:

(1)写出A的化学式______,C的电子式______,D的结构式______.

(2)比较Y与Z的原子半径大小______>______(填写元素符号).

(3)写出反应K+G→L的离子方程式______.

(4)已知M溶于稀硝酸,溶液变成蓝色,并放出无色气体.请写出该反应的化学方程式______.

(5)研究表明:气体D在一定条件下可被还原为晶莹透明的晶体N,其结构中原子的排列为正四面体,请写出N及其2种同素异形体的名称______、______、______.

答案

G为黄绿色单质气体,所以G为Cl2

C通常状况下为无色液体,与Cl2生成H和I,I有漂白作用,所以C为H2O,H为HCl,I为HClO;

HCl与金属J反应得到K,为淡绿色溶液,所以J为Fe,K为FeCl2,FeCl2与Cl2反应生成L,L为FeCl3

E为蓝色絮状沉淀,则E为Cu(OH)2,FeCl3与金属M反应到B,B再与NaOH溶液反应到达Cu(OH)2沉淀,所以M为Cu,B为CuCl2

在周期表中X的原子半径最小,X为H元素,C、D是由X、Y、Z中两种元素组成的化合物,C为H2O,所以Y、Z中两种元素有一种是O元素,Y、Z原子最外层电子数之和为10.所以另外元素的原子最外层电子数为4,D为无色非可燃性气体,所以D为CO2,由于X、Y、Z三元素的原子序数依次增大,故Y为O元素、Z为C元素.

(1)A与HCl反应生成CuCl2、H2O、CO2,所以A为Cu2(OH)2CO3或CuCO3,C为H2O,其电子式为

,D为CO2,其结构式为O=C=O,

故答案为:Cu2(OH)2CO3或CuCO3

;O=C=O;

(2)Y为C元素、Z为O元素,同周期原子序数越大,原子半径越小,所以原子半径C>O,故答案为:C;O;

(3)氯气氧化亚铁离子为铁离子,自身被还原为氯离子,离子方程式为2Fe2++Cl2═2Fe3++2Cl-,故答案为:2Fe2++Cl2═2Fe3++2Cl-

(4)Cu溶于稀硝酸,溶液变成蓝色,并放出无色气体,说明生成Cu2+、NO等,反应方程式为3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO32+2NO↑+4H2O,

故答案为:3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu(NO32+2NO↑+4H2O;

(5)晶莹透明的晶体N,为碳单质,且为正四面体,故为金刚石,其同素异形体有石墨,富勒烯(C60),

故答案为:金刚石;石墨;富勒烯(C60).

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     This year I'm buying presents for 16 children, as well as my own daughter, Mia-Grace, who will be two

on Christmas Day. My tree will be beautifully decorated, I'm bringing the turkey to the family Christmas lunch

and having an open house on Boxing Day. And the whole thing's only going to cost me £150.

     We're very careful now and we don't overspend or owe anything on credit cards. I work for an electrician

and my husband Neil, 33, works in construction business. We're concerned about our jobs because our

companies are quiet at the moment.

     We've also been hit by rising prices, particularly food, petrol, gas and electricity. Everyone I know is

worried. One of my friends' husbands has just gone self-employed and if he doesn't work, they have no money

coming in.

     Christmas has been playing on my mind for the past three or four months. We decided on a budget of £150

because that's just under my weekly wage and it meant we could afford Christmas while using Neil's salary for

our essential bills.

     We quickly realized that we buy some things every year just for the sake of it. Even though we have loads

of decorations, we usually buy something new for the tree but this Christmas we're not going to. We've already

got our tree-a big artificial one which I bought half-price in the January sales. It will last us for years.

     After all, no one can escape from this financial crisis (经济危机) which is spreading throughout the globe.

1. From the passage, we can infer Boxing Day most probably falls on _____. [ ]

A. January 20

B. May 5

C. October 24

D. December 26

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the author? [ ]

A. She has bought an artificial Christmas tree at a low price.

B. She has bought Christmas presents for 16 children altogether.

C. Both the author and her husband are already out of work now.

D. She'd like to buy a new Christmas tree for this Christmas.

3. Why can the author only spend $150 for Christmas? [ ]

A. Because she and her husband have little earnings.

B. Because she is always careful with money.

C. Because she wants to save for the future.

D. Because she is a mean woman.

4. According to the passage, we can conclude that _____. [ ]

A. the author often quarrels with her husband about their little earnings

B. nobody but the author was worried about the rising prices

C. the author has never been worried about her job

D. the author and those around her are suffering from the financial crisis

5. Which is the best title for the passage? [ ]

A. An Unexpected Christmas

B. A Christmas during Financial Crisis

C. An Unforgettable Christmas

D. A Christmas without Christmas Tree

多项选择题