问题 问答题 简答题

数控机床主机机械结构有哪些特点?

答案

参考答案:

为了满足数控机床高自动化、高效率、高精度、高速度、高可靠性的要求,其机械结构应具有以下一些特点:

(1)通过机床结构、筋板的合理布局来提高刚度。如数控车床采用大的主轴支承轴径,短的主轴端部受力悬伸段,采用倾斜床身;铣、镗类数控机床主轴箱在框式立柱上采用嵌入式结构;数控机床的立柱构件采用加强筋布局设计;数控机床的床身采用钢板焊接结构等。

(2)通过新材料、特殊结构的采用来提高动刚度和抗振能力。如采用聚合物混凝土取代铸铁材料制作机床大件,大件中充填泥芯和混凝土等阻尼材料,在大件表面采用阻尼涂层来改善构件的阻尼特性,提高动刚度和抗振能力。

(3)采用热对称结构及热平衡措施,控制机床发热部件温升(如对主轴箱、静压导轨液压油等采取散热、风冷或液冷,对切削部位采取强冷措施)以及专门采用热位移补偿等措施来减小机床热变形。采用热对称结构及热平衡措施。

(4)采用高效率、无间隙、低摩擦传动,如采用塑料滑动导轨、滚动导轨、静压导轨,滚珠丝杠副,预加载双齿轮-齿条结构及静压蜗杆-蜗母条机构等。

(5)采用高性能、宽调速范围的交、直流主轴电动机和伺服电动机,以简化主轴箱、进给变速箱及其传动系统。

阅读理解

阅读短文,选择正确答案。

    Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV, according to results of a

survey by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) published Thursday.

    The survey, of citizens of five Chinese cities, found that 79 percent of interviewees use the internet for

information, and 55.1 percent to read news on the internet. About 63 percent of the interviewees use e-mail. The

average times spent surfing the net and watching TV were 2.73 hours and 1.29 hours, respectively.

    Only 10.4 percent reported use the internet primarily to send and receive email; 65.9 percent read online news;

62.2 quite often play games on-line. More and more people have taken an interest in the entertainment

opportunities online. Up to 56.5 percent of interviewees quite often download music, and 53.5 percent get

entertainment messages from the internet.

    Yet the survey found that television is still the dominant mass medium. Seventy-nine percent of interviewees

choose to watch TV to get information, and another 75 percent take newspapers as important as TV.

    Five major web sites in the Chinese language, namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are still ranked

top ones by web users, and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent.

    Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have already exceeded 100 million, second to that of the

United States.

1. Which of the following is not true? [ ]

A. Chinese people are now spending more time surfing the net than watching TV.

B. There are more Chinese people using the internet for information compared with those reading news on the

     internet.

C. There are more people using e-mail compared with those searching information on the internet.

D. There are more people using e-mail compared with those reading news on the internet.

2. The survey shows that             . [ ]

A. Only 10.4% reported use the internet to send and receive email.

B. Less than half of the people use the internet for entertainment.

C. All of the people reported like to play games on-line.

D. Most of the people reported read online news.

3. Which will you choose if you want to chat with your friends on the internet? [ ]

A. TV

B. Sina

C. telephone

D. QQ

4. The underlined word "exceeded" means             . [ ]

A. increased to

B. increased by

C. risen

D. decreased

5. —Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo aren't Five major web sites in the Chinese language, are they?

    —              .[ ]

A. Yes, they are

B. No, they aren't

C. Yes, they aren't

D. No, they didn't

单项选择题