问题 填空题

有X、Y、Z和W四种元素.已知:①X、Y、Z属同一短周期,其离子以X2+、Y3+、Z-的形式存在.②W和Z组成化合物WZ3溶液遇苯酚呈紫色.请回答:

(1)Z的最高价氧化物对应水化物的名称为______.

(2)X的单质在二氧化碳中燃烧的化学方程式为______.

(3)Y的单质可用于冶炼金属锰,写出Y与二氧化锰反应的化学方程式______,Y的最高价氧化物对应的水化物既可溶于强酸又可溶于强碱,请用电离平衡理论解释其原因______.

(4)当有28.0g W组成的单质,在加热条件下与足量水完全反应,则生成气体标准状况下的体积为______L.

(5)我国陆地上冶炼X的主要流程如图所示,已知当有 lmolX的氧化物参加反应时,有2mol电子转移且生成三种产物,则步骤②反应的化学方程式为______.

(6)在新生代的海水中有一种细菌,它们提取海水中W2+,利用酶为催化剂把W2+转化为氧化物(可用W2O3表示其中W);该反应中的另一种反应物二氧化碳转化为甲醛,请用离子方程式表示上述转化过程(W用具体元素符号表示)______.

答案

W和Z组成化合物WZ3溶液遇苯酚呈紫色,则W为Fe,Z为Cl;X、Y、Z属同一短周期,其离子以X2+、Y3+、Z-的形式存在,则X为Mg,Y为Al;

(1)因氯元素的最高化合价为+7价,则对应的最高价氧化物对应水化物为HClO4,其名称为高氯酸,故答案为:高氯酸;

(2)因镁与二氧化碳反应生成氧化镁和碳,反应为2Mg+CO2

 点燃 
.
 
2MgO+C,故答案为:2Mg+CO2
 点燃 
.
 
2MgO+C;

(3)铝与二氧化锰反应生成氧化铝和锰,其反应为3MnO2+4Al

 高温 
.
 
2Al2O3+3Mn,由电离平衡H2O+AlO2-+H+⇌Al(OH)3⇌Al3++3OH-,可知加强酸或强碱时都能使氢氧化铝溶解,

故答案为:3MnO2+4Al

 高温 
.
 
2Al2O3+3Mn;在氢氧化铝中存在电离平衡H2O+AlO2-+H+⇌Al(OH)3⇌Al3++3OH-,当加入强酸时电离平衡向右移动,氢氧化铝溶解;当加入强碱时电离平衡向左移动,氢氧化铝溶解;

(4)28.0gFe的物质的量为

28.0g
56g/mol
=0.5mol,由3Fe+4H20
 高温 
.
 
Fe3O4+4H2,则氢气的物质的量为
0.5mol×4
3
,其标况下的体积为
2
3
mol×22.4L/mol=14.9L,故答案为:14.9;

(5)由流程图中的反应②可知,氧化镁与碳和氯气反应生成氯化镁和碳的氧化物,lmolMgO参加反应时,有2mol电子转移且生成三种产物,即1mol氯气作氧化剂时,

2
3
mol碳作还原剂,

且生成均为

1
3
mol的CO2和CO,其反应为3MgO+3Cl2+2C=3MgCl2+CO2+CO,故答案为:3MgO+3Cl2+2C=3MgCl2+CO2+CO;

(6)由Fe2+在酶为催化剂的作用下转化为氧化物(可用Fe2O3表示),该反应中的另一种反应物二氧化碳转化为甲醛,其离子反应为CO2+4Fe2++5H20

 酶 
.
 
HCHO+2Fe2O3+8H+

故答案为:CO2+4Fe2++5H20

 酶 
.
 
HCHO+2Fe2O3+8H+

单项选择题 A型题
阅读理解

Are you worried by the rising crime rate? If you are, you probably know that your house, possessions(财产) and person are increasingly in danger of suffering from great rise in the cases of burglary(夜盗;抢劫) and attack.

Figures show an ever-increasing crime rate, but it is only too easy to imagine "It will never happen to me". Unfortunately, statistics show that it really can happen to you and, if you live in a large city, you run twice the risk of being a victim.

Fortunately, there is something definite which you can do. Protect Alarms can help to protect your house with a burglar alarm system(报警系统) which is effective, simple to operate and easily affordable.

You must remember that owning a burglar alarm is no indication(暗示) that your house is packed with valuable possessions. It quite simply indicates to unwelcome visitors that yours is one house they will not break into easily, so they carry on to an unprotected house where their job is made a lot easier.

Send now for our free leaflet(宣传册) telling you how we can Protect Alarm your house quickly, easily and cheaply. Complete and tear off the slip below and post it to us. Postage is free. Also, telephone us on 327 6721 where we have a round-the-clock answering service. It costs nothing to find out about Protect Alarm.

小题1:Anyone who takes an interest in the crime rate will, according to the text, be aware that ___________.

A.more burglars are being caught than ever before

B.people have more possessions to worry about nowadays

C.burglars are more at risk than they used to be

D.homes are more likely to be broken into nowadays小题2:It seems that people who live in cities are ____________

A.more often victims than those living in other areas

B.of the opinion that statistics are wrong

C.twice as well as people living in other areas

D.of the opinion that burglars only rob unprotected homes小题3:The article suggests that possessing an alarm system will _________.

A.show burglars that you have something worth stealing

B.persuade burglars not to break into your house

C.make the burglars' job less complicated

D.persuade burglars to try again another time小题4:In order to find out more information about this alarm system one can _______.

A.buy a leaflet

B.write enclosing a stamped, addressed envelope

C.sign a contract

D.phone at any time of day or night小题5:The underlined word "Figures" in the second paragraph can be replaced by"      "

A.Pictures

B.Fingers

C.Numbers

D.Mathematics