问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《学会欣赏》一文,完成文后题目。(10分)

①“优秀的人总是相互欣赏的。”苏格拉底常这样对学生说。

②人无完人,每个人都有自己的长处和短处。对此,妄自菲薄和恃才傲物都是不可取的,它只会使人沦于平庸。而正确地欣赏别人就会使平庸变得优秀,使自卑变得自强,使消沉变得进取,使自满变得谦逊。

③春秋时期,管仲少时贫贱,早年曾与好友鲍叔牙以经营小买卖为生。管仲出的本钱没有鲍叔牙多,可是到分红的时候,他收了应得的那一份,还要再添点儿。鲍叔牙手下骂管仲贪得无厌,鲍叔牙替他辩解说,他家里人口多,开销大,我自愿让给他。管仲带兵胆小怕事,手下士兵不满,而鲍叔牙却说,管仲家有老母,他为了侍奉老母才自惜其身,并不是真的怕死。鲍叔牙百般袒护管仲,是因为他知道管仲是个不可多得的人才,只是还没有机遇施展。管仲感叹道:“生我的是父母,了解我的是鲍叔牙啊!”就这样,他们成了莫逆之交。后来,管仲在鲍叔牙的极力推荐下,成了齐国宰相,帮助齐桓公成为春秋五霸之首。

④鲍叔牙欣赏管仲,百般袒护,连齐桓公的重用都让给管仲,而他却心甘情愿。可见,欣赏别人将有多大的气度与胸襟。这好比幽谷香兰,使人愈嗅愈香;峻岩劲松,使人愈压愈坚。

⑤而我们现实生活中有这样的一些人,他们总是以狭隘的目光去看待一个,挑剔,蔑视。他们只看到的缺点,将的缺点无限的放大。他们看不到的优点,总以打击,贬低的态度去评价一个。冷静地想了一下,这些为什么会如此的愚蠢,因为这些贬损的话除了能在闲聊时给他们的巴带来一丝快感之外后,再也不能给他们创造任何的值得愉悦的东西,而会招致他的愤恨,影响际关系。

⑥法国著名大作家雨果说:“世界上最宽阔的东西是海洋,比海洋更宽阔的是天空,比天空更宽阔的是人的心灵。”让我们像大海那样笑纳百川,像高山那样巍巍矗立,摒弃自卑、自负和自满,去正确地欣赏别人吧!

小题1:本文的中心论点是什么?(3分)

小题2:文章③-⑤自然段运用了什么论证方法?这样写的好处是什么?(3分)

小题3:有人认为,这是一个张扬个性的时代。在社会交际中,“欣赏自己”才是最高的“至理名言”。结合选文,谈谈你如何看待这种观点。(4分)

答案

小题1:(我们)要学会欣赏别人

小题1:正反对比论证,突出“欣赏别人就会使平庸变得优秀,使自卑变得自强,使消沉变得进取,使自满变得谦逊”的观点。

小题1:略

小题1:本题考查分析议论文中心论点的能力。分析文章的中心论点一般从标题、开头、结尾来考虑,有时还可以根据文章的内容用自己的语言来概括,本文就是根据文章的内容来概括的。

小题1:本题考查议论文的论证方法以及论证方法的表达效果。解答此题的一般方法为:论证方法+表达效果,根据“鲍叔牙欣赏管仲”“现实中的人以挑剔、蔑视的眼光看待一切”来分析论证方法,然后根据本文的观点来分析表达效果。

小题1:本题是一道开放题。只要能表明自己的观点,并结合选文进行论述,言之有理即可。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

Your youngest son or daughter has just graduated from high school, and soon he or she will trade his or her bedroom in your home for a college residence hall. You’re starting to worry about the coming silence in your home and are wondering how you will fill the hours that you previously spent with your son or daughter attending his or her school and sporting events.

Take heart — the empty nest “is often worse in anticipation (预料) than in day-to-day practice”, says psychologist Bert Hayslip Jr.

Hayslip, who has studied retirement adjustment (调整) and other aging problems, such as aging sleeplessness, for many years, points out that, more often than not, children who leave do not completely cut off contact with their parents. He advises parents to think of it as a series of life events, instead of a sudden change. He also says an empty nest can cause bigger problems to surface “if a couple hasn’t looked after their marriage while raising their children”. According to Hayslip, some couples may find they no longer have anything in common once the children are out of the house.

Thinking of an empty nest as the loss of children makes the adjustment more difficult. “With the empty-nest syndrome (综合症), parents actually need to deal with the loss of the parenting control over children, not with having really lost their children,” Hayslip says. “They just have to find a new way to get along with their children.”

“Relating to their college-age children in this new way will come easily to parents as the months pass. As with many things, the passage of time heals the pain of loss,” Hayslip says.

小题1:What does the “empty nest” mean?

A.Children’s cutting off contact with their parents.

B.Children’s not liking spending time with their parents.

C.Children’s growing up and leaving home.

D.Children’s not accepting parents’ care and love.小题2:What does the underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refer to?

A.Retirement adjustment.

B.Aging problem.

C.Sleeplessness.

D.The reality of empty nest.小题3:Why do many parents find it hard to adjust to the empty-nest life?

A.Because they think they have actually lost their children.

B.Because they often disagree with their children on many things.

C.Because their children completely cut off contact with them.

D.Because these parents don’t have anything in common.小题4:According to Hayslip, what parents actually lose in an “empty nest” is _______.

A.their children’s love for them

B.their control over children

C.their interest in life

D.their contact with children