问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读杨绛的《人不炼,不成器》一文。(10分)

①人有优良的品质,又有许多劣根性杂糅在一起,好比一块顽铁得在火里烧、水里淬,一而再、再而三,又烧又淬,再加千锤百炼,才能把顽铁炼成可铸宝剑的钢材。黄金也需经过烧炼,去掉杂质,才成纯金。人也一样,我们从忧患中学得智慧,苦痛中炼出美德来。

②孟子说:“故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。”就是说,如要锻炼一个做大事的人,必定要叫他吃苦受累,百不称心,才能养成他坚忍的性格。一个人经过不同程度的锻炼,就获得不同程度的修养、不同程度的效益。好比香料,捣得愈碎,磨得愈细,香得愈浓烈。这是我们从人生经验中看得到的实情。谚语“十磨九难出好人”“人在世上炼,刀在石上磨”“千锤成利器,百炼变纯钢”“不受苦中苦,难为人上人”说的都是以上道理。

③我们最循循善诱的老师是孔子。《论语》里孔子的话,都因人而发,从来不用教条。但是他有一条很重要的教训。最理解他的弟子曾参,怕老师的教训久而失传,在《大学》里记下老师二百零五字的教训。其中最根本的一句是:“自天子以至于庶人,壹是皆以修身为本。”修身,不就是锻炼自身吗?

④修身不是为了自己一身,是为了齐家、治国、平天下。平天下不是称王称霸,而是求全世界的和谐和平。有的国家崇尚勇敢,有的国家高唱自由、平等、博爱。中华古国向来崇尚和气,“致中和”,从和谐中求“止于至善”。

⑤修身——锻炼自身,是做人最根本的要求。天生万物的目的,该是为了堪称万物之灵的人。但是天生的人,善恶杂糅,还需锻炼出纯正品色来,才有价值。这个苦恼的人世,恰好是锻炼人的处所,好比炼钢的工厂,或教练运动员的操场,或教育学生的教室。这也说明,人生实苦确是有缘故的。

小题1:本文表达的主要观点是:________________________________________。(3分)

小题2:说说文中第②段中画横线句子的作用。(3分)

________________________________________________________________________

小题3:下面语段应当放在哪两段之间?理由是什么?(4分)

要求世界和谐,首先得治理本国。要治国,先得齐家。要齐家,先得修身。要修身,先得正心。要摆正自己的心,先得有诚意,也就是对自己老老实实,勿自欺自骗。不自欺,就得切切实实了解自己。要了解自己,就得对自己有客观的认识,有自知知明,才可修身。

________________________________________________________________________

答案

小题1:人不炼,不成器(或:我们从忧患中学得智慧,苦痛中炼出美德来)(3分)

小题2:运用了比喻论证的方法(1分),生动形象地(1分)论证了“一个人经过不同程度的锻炼,就获得不同程度的修养、不同程度的效益”这一道理(1分)。

小题3:放在④⑤段之间。(1分)(理由)要点:从内容上说,文段开头一句“要求世界和谐”上承第④段的“求全世界的和谐和平”,接着,文段由世界和谐谈到治国、齐家、个人修身,强调了修身的重要,而修身的重要又是第⑤段论述的重点。起到了承上启下的作用,因而,放在④⑤段之间最合适。(3分)

小题1:

题目分析:阅读全文,就会发现作者是围绕标题“人不炼,不成器”这个观点来发表议论的,所以标题就是论点。

点评:本题不难,文章的中心意思很突出,易于理解。议论文的论点,是作者在一篇文章中发表的主要观点,可从标题或开头段或结尾段的文字中寻找,如果作者没有明确的提出论点,那就根据文意自己概括。

小题2:

题目分析:把人比作香科,这是比喻说明,“捣”“磨”都是指人的锻炼过程,“香”是指人的“成器”。比喻说明,主要是将说明内容形象化通俗化,增加文章的生动性。

点评:本题不难,比喻说明的方法一目了然。说明方法是说明文学习中重要的知识点,学习时要了解说明文各种说明方法的特点和使用方法,注意彼此之间的区别,不要出现判断错误,比如“打比方”,就是比喻,而“作比较”就是对比,一是“喻”,一是“比”,是不同的。

小题3:

题目分析:阅读全篇,分析每段的中心意思,理清层次关系,找到它们与题目中提供的材料之间的联系。

点评:本题有难度,本文的结构特点不是太突出,学生难以分析了解。阅读文章,不仅要理解文章的思想内容,对文章的写法方法以及结构层次上的特点也要有所认识,平时多在这方面加强训练,对提高写作能力有一定的帮助。

阅读理解与欣赏
阅读理解

Getting your teen to think beyond his own immediate needs can be more difficult than cracking a nut with a plastic fork.But don't worry.It's not impossible.There are many ways to encourage your teen to care about those outside his immediate circle of friends.As he begins to have responsibility towards others, he will realize he feels even better about himself.

"Teens are thinking about career, college, and what their future might look like," explains Michelle Maidenberg, a clinical director of Westchester Group Works, a center for group treatment in New York."This is very challenging and just one of the reasons why they are so focused on their own world." Once teens participate in community service, however, they begin to look beyond their personal needs.They also learn firsthand about the challenges others face, and they experience a sense of authority as they realize they can make a real difference in others' lives.

Not sure how to convince a teen to get away from the cell phone and into a community project? Teens buy into community service when the project or program is in an area of their interest.

"Finding something in an area of interest for them keeps them motivated and inspired," Maidenberg says.For instance, if he is interested in culinary (烹饪) school, he could volunteer in a soup kitchen or bake for a project that supports families in need.Volunteer projects in your teen's area of interest will build her knowledge base as well as help others.

Parents can do their part by participating in community service themselves.Teens can learn directly from their parents that personal enjoyment is not ,all that matters.

Let teens know the benefits they will obtain.“Give them every reason in the world to volunteer," Maidenberg advises.She says that working on community service projects builds confidence."By working with others, teens improve managerial, interpersonal and communication skills.Community service helps to approach maturity when they take a step back to see the needs of other people," she adds.Another reward: service hours look great on a resume!

小题1:.

According to Michelle Maidenberg, it's hard to get teens to think beyond their own immediate needs partly because ___    ___.

A.they care more about their circle of friends

B.they have no interest in doing anything

C.they have to work hard for college

D.they are facing many challenges小题2:.

The underlined phrase "buy into" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______.

A.agree to join in

B.spend money on

C.get away from

D.are interested in小题3:.

The writer mentions the benefits in the last paragraph in order to ______.

A.make teens feel much better about themselves

B.encourage teens to care about his own needs

C.help parents reason teens into volunteering

D.get parents to do more community service