沃尔玛通过对销售清单数据的分析发现，购买啤酒的人很多同时会购买尿布。根据这个发现，对物品的摆放位置进行了调整，将二者放在相邻的位置，从而取得很好的销售业绩。这属于数据挖掘的功能和应用中的（）。

A.数据特征总结与区分

B.关联规则

C.聚类

D.序列模式

Suppose an investor has an opportunity to invest $3 million in a venture investment that is expected to pay $30 million at the end of 4 years if it survives. The cost of capital for a project with this risk level is 30%. However, the project may not survive the full 4 years and has an expected failure rate shown in the probability table shown below. The likelihood of failure in the first year is 25% , with the likelihood of failure in the second year being 20% ( assuming it survives the first year) and so on.（）

A．20%

B．45.9%

C．25%