问题 材料分析题

阅读材料,回答下列问题。

材料一:“十一五”规划中指出:要推进农业结构调整,一要优化农业产业结构,二要优化农产品结构,三要优化农业区域布局。

材料二:在农业部制定的《优势农产品区域布局规划》中,确定了11种优势农产品,这些农产品确定的依据是:资源和生产条件较好、商品率高、市场前景广阔,在国内外市场有竞争优势,能够抵御进口冲击的农产品,或在竞争中能够进一步扩大出口的农产品。

材料三:1990年和2005年我国农业产值构成图

(1)下列优势农产品与优势产区搭配合理的有(双项选择)[ ]

A.春小麦优势产区—黄淮海平原

B.水稻优势产区—长江中下游平原

C.棉花优势产区—黄淮海平原和南疆盆地

D.油菜优势产区—长江流域和黄河流域

F.甜菜优势产区—松嫩平原、山东半岛

(2)为了优化农业区域布局,《优势农产品区域布局规划》中确定的优势产区,主要考虑的条件有哪些?

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(3)优化农业区域布局,要因地制宜。下面是昆明周围的农业生产分布示意图,读图回答:

同样的自然条件,但呈贡县与罗平县却由于农业发展的差异而贫富悬殊,试应用所学的地理知识来分析其原因。

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答案

(1)BC

(2)自然条件好、生产规模大、产业化基础好、区位优势明显。

(3)距昆明的远近、交通成本的高低导致农产品利润差异。(由于花卉、蔬菜容易腐烂变质,分布宜接近消费市场;生产地若离昆明远,长途运输和保鲜会使成本增加。所以,邻近昆明的呈贡县成为花卉、蔬菜生产基地。)

阅读理解
A. The Development of an Early Union
B. Support from the Public
C. The Decline of an Early Union
D. A Brief Comparison between the Union and the Medieval Craft Guilds
E. Management's Reaction to the Labour Movement
F. Reasons for starting a Union
1.                              
     Some scholars have associated trade unions with the medieval craft guilds (中世纪的行会), but there
are important differences between the two. The guild members were masters craftsmen who owned capital
and often employed workers. Unions are known as associations of workers with similar skills.
2.                              
     In the past, individual worker had no control over the conditions of their working lives; political and
economic power was concentrated in the hands of wealthy business owners. Workers found, however,
that there was strength in uniting.From their earliest years, union objectives have been higher wages and
improved working conditions.
3.                               
     Employers resisted, of course. They made great efforts to stop union organizing its activities. Union
members were fired, workers were forced to sign contracts in which they promised not to join a union,
and companies hired strike-breakers (罢工破坏者) and even gunmen to frighten organizers.
4.                             
     One of the earliest successful labour organizations in the United States was the Knights of Labour,
founded in 1869. The Knights, which included both skilled and unskilled workers, attempted to organize
all workers into one great union. After it successfully struck the Wabash railroad owned by Jay Gould in
1885, its popularity and power grew dramatically.In 1886 the Knights had 700,000 members.
5.                             
     The decline of the Knights of Labour, however, came quickly. The strike against Gould was gradually
broken, and the Knights radical positions on social issues cost them public support. In the end, a lack of
unity as well as the rapid inflow of unskilled immigrants weakened the union's economic power, and the
organization came to an end.
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