问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

        材料1:男耕女织图

        材料2 :明清政府继承传统的专卖制度,由官府垄断盐、茶等重要商品的经营;官府还有许多歧视商人的规定,如商人不许穿纱绸衣服;官府对手工业产品收取重税,对民间工匠严格管制,对丝绸出口严加限制等。乾隆时期,只允许广州一处对外通商,封闭其他港口,并规定由政府特许的广州“十三行”统一经营管理对外贸易。

        材料3 :西欧各国从15 世纪起,纷纷采取重商主义政策,鼓励、支持本国商人发展对外贸易,开拓海外市场,并设立许多享有垄断特权的贸易公司。

请回答:

(1)归纳材料1 所描绘的小农经济的特点。

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(2)材料2 反映出明清时期的什么政策?试分析采取这一政策的原因。

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(3)材料3 所述的重商主义政策对西欧各国产生了什么影响?

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(4)综合上述材料,分析近代中国落后挨打的原因。

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答案

(1 )小农经济特点:以家庭为单位精耕细作;农业与家庭手工业相结合男耕女织;自给自足自然经济。

(2 )重农抑商和闭关锁国政策。原因:自给自足的自然经济具有分散性和封闭性;强化封建专制统治的需要;对付东南沿海人民的反抗;防范西方列强的殖民侵略。

(3 )重商主义政策的影响:推动西欧商品经济和资本主义萌芽的发展;推动新航路的开辟和殖民扩张;加速西欧封建制度解体和资本主义发展。

(4 )近代中国落后挨打原因:重农抑商政策强化了小农经济,阻碍了工商业的发展;闭关锁国政策妨碍了海外市场的开拓,阻碍了资本主义萌芽的发展,使中国与世隔绝而落后于西方。

阅读理解

Ⅵ.阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下面短文,并根据短文后的要求答题。

We were driving in the right lane when, all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us. My taxi driver slammed on his brakes, skidded. and missed the other car’s back end by just inches! The driver of the other car, the guy who almost caused a big accident, turned his head angrily and started yelling bad words at us. 

My taxi driver just smiled and waved at the guy. And I mean, he was friendly. So, I said, “Why did you just do that? This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to hospital!” And this was what my taxi driver told me, which I call “The Law of the Garbage Truck”.

Many people are like garbage trucks and they run around full of garbage, full of frustration , full of anger, and full of disappointment. And their garbage piles up, they need a place to dump(倾倒)it. And if you let them, they’ll dump it on you. When someone wants to dump on you, don’t take it personally. You just simile, wave, wish them well, and move on. You’ll be happy you did.

So this was it: “The Law of the Garbage Truck”. I started thinking: how often do I let Garbage Trucks run right over me? And how often do I take their garbage and spread it to other people: at home , on the streets? It was that day I said, “I’m not going to do that any more.”

I began to see garbage trucks. I see the burden they are carrying. I see them coming to drop it off. And like my taxi driver, I don’t                            . I just simile, wave, and move on.

Good leaders know they have to be ready for their next meeting. Good parents know that they have to welcome their children home from school with hugs and kisses. What about you? The mark of a successful person is how quickly they can get back their focus on what’s important.  

81.What’s the purpose of the author to write this passage?(Please answer within 20 words.)

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82.Which sentence of the passage can be replaced by the following one?

A lot of people act as garbage trucks and are working, studying or living in a very bad mood.

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83.Please fill in the blank in the last but one paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 10 words.)

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84.How did the author first think his taxi driver should react to what had happened?(Please answer within 20 words.)

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85.Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

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多项选择题