问题 单项选择题

治疗动脉粥样硬化可选用的药物是()

A.普罗帕酮

B.噻氯匹定

C.洛伐他汀

D.多巴酚丁胺

E.米诺地尔

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

1.本题考查的是抗心律失常药。胺碘酮不良反应:(1)一般不良反应:恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、头痛等;甲状腺功能紊乱、震颤、角膜碘微粒沉淀。(2)严重不良反应:为致死性肺毒性和肝毒性,如间质性肺炎、肺纤维化、肝炎等。静注时可见血栓性静脉炎、血压下降。(3)心脏毒性:窦性心动过缓极为常见,也可出现严重心动过缓、房室传导阻滞等。

2.本题考查的是抗心律失常药。维拉帕米(异搏定)药理作用及临床应用:选择性阻滞钙通道,抑制Ca2+内流,抑制4相缓慢去极化,使自律性降低,心率减慢;同时降低房室结0相去极化速度和幅度,使房室传导速度减慢,ERP延长,有利于消除折返。对室上性和房室结折返引起的心律失常效果好,是治疗阵发性室上性心动过速首选药,对心房扑动、心房颤动、急性心肌梗死、心肌缺血及强心苷中毒引起的室性早搏也有效。还可用于伴有冠心病或高血压患者。

3.本题考查的是抗心律失常药。奎尼丁不良反应:不良反应多,毒性较大,安全范围小。(1)消化道反应:恶心、呕吐及腹泻等多见于用药早期。(2)心血管反应:低血压、血管栓塞、心律失常(3)金鸡纳反应:久用可引起耳鸣、听力减退、视力模糊、神志不清等。(4)奎尼丁晕厥:发作时意识丧失、四肢抽搐、呼吸停止、心室纤颤而死亡,称为“奎尼丁晕厥”。(5)变态反应:偶可出现皮疹、药热、血小板减少等过敏症状。

阅读理解

                              D

The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet (彗星) is heading towards the Earth . Most of it will miss our planet , but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth .

On 17 July , a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere (大气层) with a massive explosion . About half of the piece is destroyed , but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound . The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the sea bed . Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole . The wall of water , a kilometer high , rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour . Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people re drowned .

Before the waves reach South America , the second piece of the comet lands in Argentina . Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains . The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean . The cities of Los Angeles , San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes . Millions of people in the southern half of the earth are already dead, but the north won’t escape for long . Because of the explosions , the sun is hidden by clouds of dust , temperatures around the world fall to almost zero .Crops are ruined . The sun won’t be seen again for many years . Wars break out as countries fight for food . A year later , no more than 10 million people remain alive .

Could it really happen ? In fact , it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth . The dinosaurs were on the Earth for over 160 million years . Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared . Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space . The dinosaurs couldn’t live through the cold climate that followed and they died out . Will we meet the same end ?

小题1:What is mainly described in the passage ?

A.A historic discovery .

B.An event of imagination

C.A research on space .

D.A scientific adventure .小题2:When the first piece hits the South Atlantic , it causes           .

A.an earthquake

B.damages to cities

C.an Earth explosion

D.huge waves小题3:Why can’t the northern half of the earth escape for long ?

A.Because the land is covered with water

B.Because the light and heat from the sun can not reach the earth .

C.Because people there can not live at the temperature of zero .

D.Because wars break out among countries .

单项选择题