问题 实验题

“探究加速度与物体质量、物体受力的关系”的实验装置如图(1)所示.

(1)在平衡小车与桌面之间摩擦力的过程中,打出了一条纸带如图(2)所示. 打点计时器打点的时间间隔为0.02s. 从比较清晰的点起,每5个点取一个计数点,量出相邻计数点之间的距离,该小车的加速度a=__________m/s2.(结果保留两位有效数字)

(2)平衡摩擦力后,改变砝码盘中砝码的数量,多次重复测量,在某次实验中根据测得的多组数据可画出a—F关系图线(如图(3)所示). 此图线的AB段明显偏离直线,造成此误差的主要原因是(  )

A.小车与轨道之间存在摩擦

B.导轨保持了水平状态

C.砝码盘和砝码的总质量太大

D.所用小车的质量太大

答案

(1)0.16m/s2(4分);           (2)C(4分)

(1)该小车的加速度a=

(2)由图象OA段可知,a与F成正比,即:在小车质量一定时,加速度a与小车受到的合力F成正比;

以小车与钩码组成的系统为研究对象,系统所受的合外力等于钩码的重力mg,由牛顿第二定律得:mg=(m+M)a,小车的加速度a=,小车受到的拉力F=ma=m

当m<<M时,可以认为小车受到的合力等于钩码的重力,如果钩码的质量太大,则小车受到的合力小于钩码的重力,实验误差较大,a-F图象偏离直线,故C正确.

故答案为:(1)0.16m/s2(2)C

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Scientists(科学家) are trying to make the deserts (沙漠) into good land again . They want to bring

water to the deserts , so people can live and grow food . They are learning a lot about the deserts . But

more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time . Scientists may not be able to change the

deserts . Scientists think that people make deserts . People are doing bad things to the earth .

    Some places on the earth don’t get very much rain . But they still don’t become desert . This is because some green plants are growing there . Small green plants and grass are very helpful to dry places . Plants

don’t let the hot sun make the earth even drier . Plants don’t let the wind blow the earth away . When a

little bit of rain falls , the plants hold the water . Without plants , the land can become a desert much more

easily .

1. Why can the land become a desert ?

A. Some places don’t get very much rain

B. Plants don’t let the hot sun make the earth even drier .

C. People don’t keep the earth well

D. Scientists haven’t learnt enough about the deserts .

2. Scientists ______ to make the deserts into good land again .

A. carry water

B. grow food

C. do nothing

D. study a lot

3. Which is not true ?

A. The land never stops becoming deserts .

B. Scientists ask the people to live in the deserts and grow food there .

C. People do bad things to the earth .

D. scientists may not be able to change the deserts .

4. Why are green plants and grass helpful ?

A. They can hold the water .

B. They can stop the wind from blowing the earth away .

C. They can keep the earth wet .

D. All the above .

5. Which is the best title (题目) for the passage ?

A. The Desert Problem

B. People Make Deserts

C. Green Plants and Grass

D. The Desert , the Tree and the Water

问答题 简答题