问题 解答题

培养学生的科学探究能力是义务教育阶段生物课程的重要目标之一.在教学过程中,教师应关注学生在探究活动中逐步形成观察、归纳和发现问题的能力,逐步形成设计实验、调查研究、动手实验的能力,逐步形成收集和分析数据、表达和交流的能力等.教师应结合探究活动的全过程评价学生的探究能力.例如,案例:“种子萌发环境条件”的探究活动中,先让学生在日常生活和观察的基础上提出种子萌发可能需要的环境条件,例如水、空气、温度、阳光、肥料、土壤等.然后设计实验,进行实验,收集实验数据和资料.最后总结出种子萌发必需的环境条件.

在以上案例中,教师可以从哪些方面对学生的科学能力进行评价?

答案

(1)尝试从日常生活、生产实际或学习中发现与生物学相关的问题.提出问题:在哪种环境条件下种子才能萌发呢?

(2)应用已有知识,对问题的答案提出可能的设想.作出假设:种子萌发需要适宜的温度、一定的水分和充足的空气.

(3)制定计划:拟订探究计划,列出所需的材料与用具,选出控制变量,设计对照实验.对种子所处环境的温度、水分、空气等条件分别进行控制,否则很难看出单一因素对种子萌发的影响.

(4)实施计划:按计划进行观察、调查和实验,收集数据,评价数据的可靠性.该实验形成以下三组对照实验:①以温度为变量设置对照实验,说明种子萌发需要适宜的温度;②以水分为变量设置对照实验,说明种子萌发需要一定的水分;③以空气为变量设置对照实验,说明种子萌发需要充足的空气.

(5)描述现象、处理数据、得出结论:种子萌发需要适宜的温度、一定的水分和充足的空气.

(6)表达、交流:撰写探究报告,交流探究过程和结论.

故答案为:(1)能否根据生活经验或观察提出有价值的问题?(2)能否根据问题提出假设?③能否利用现有的材料设计相关的实验方案(如对比实验)?④能否按照实验计划准备实验材料,有步骤地进行实验?⑤完成实验过程中实验操作是否规范?⑥能否安全地使用各种实验器具?⑦能否准确地记录和收集有价值的相关数据?⑧能否有效地分析实验数据并得出相关结论?⑨能否在探究活动中与他人合作和交流?等.

阅读理解

Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water. Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked. Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price.

A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness. About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”. Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men.

Fortunately, there’s a solution.

The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia. Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can’t conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe.

Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That’s another sign of a problem. If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem.

Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks: Leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety. Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone.

Of course, there are also technological alternatives. Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone. To find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone’s location.

He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion. The company’s description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety: “60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year. You’ll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”

小题1:Why does the author mention Kelly’s experience in the first paragraph?

A.To inform us that mobile phones are useful.

B.To introduce the topic for discussion.

C.To tell us we should get phones ready for a trip.

D.To warn us that we should be careful.小题2:The underlined word “nomophobia” in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A.Fear of losing mobile phones.

B.Habits of using mobile phones

C.Independence of mobile phones.

D.Eagerness for new mobile phones.小题3:Which of the following is a way to treat nomophobia?

A.Learning more about modern technology.

B.Avoiding using phone for some time

C.Not using a mobile phone in one’s daily work.

D.Protecting one’s phone against any damage.小题4:Why can the service called Asurion help to treat nomophobia?

A.It will give you a new phone through insurance.

B.It lets you know other people also lose their phones.

C.It gives you a prescription to treat nomophobia.

D.It enables you to reconnect with your acquaintance.小题5:What is the passage mainly about?

A.New mobile phone technology.

B.Attitude toward mobile phone.

C.Solutions to nomophobia

D.Disadvantages of mobile phone

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