问题 实验题

为探究植酸酶对鲈鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响,研究者设计并进行了相关实验,实验步骤及结果如下:

①鲈鱼的驯养:将从海洋中捕获的鲈鱼鱼苗在浮式海水网箱中饲养14d,用普通饲料投喂,备用。

②饲料的配制:在每千克普通饲料中添加200mg植酸酶,配制成加酶饲料;并将普通饲料和加酶饲料分别制成大小相同的颗粒,烘干后储存。

③鲈鱼的饲养:挑选体格健壮、大小一致的鲈鱼随机分组,放养于规格相同的浮式海水网箱中,放养密度为60尾/箱。给对照组的鲈鱼定时投喂适量的普通饲料,给实验组的鲈鱼同时投喂等量加酶饲料。

④称重并记录:投喂8周后,从每个网箱中随机取20尾鲈鱼称重。结果显示,对照组、实验组鱼体平均增重率分别为859.3%、947.2%。

⑤制备鲈鱼肠道中消化酶样品,并分别测定消化酶的活性,结果如下表。

根据上述实验,回答下列问题:

(1)步骤①中选用鲈鱼鱼苗而不是成体的主要原因是_________;实验前的驯养是为了_________。

(2)步骤②中将配制好的饲料进行烘干要特别注意________,其原因是________。

(3)步骤③中还应控制好的无关变量主要有_________。(至少写两个)

(4)本实验得出的初步结论是________。

(5)推测鲈鱼的食性是__________;理由:__________。

答案

(1)成体生长缓慢,实验效果不明显;让鲈鱼适应实验养殖环境   

(2)温度不能过高;高温会使植酸酶变性而失去活性

(3)水温、盐度和溶解氧等

(4)添加植酸酶的饲料促进鲈鱼幼体的生长;植酸酶能提高肠道中蛋白酶的活性,而对肠道中脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性影响较小

(5)肉食性;其肠道中蛋白酶活性显著高于脂肪酶和淀粉酶

阅读理解

An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.

Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.

The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (痒的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.

It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.

In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.

People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10% of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.

小题1:Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.

A.plants don’t usually flower in cold weather

B.people usually wear thick clothes

C.pollen is active below freezing point

D.the weather is too cold for viruses小题2:What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?

A.It is nothing serious.

B.One’s life is at risk.

C.One has to be sent to hospital.

D.One is sure to breathe easily.小题3:According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to________.

A.take some medicines to produce antibodies

B.have immediate operations

C.be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance

D.be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances小题4:The best title would be _______.

A.The ABCs of Allergies

B.The Cause of Allergies

C.The Treatment of Allergies

D.The Prevention of Allergies

单项选择题