问题 解答题

某探究性学习小组调查了A、B两区稻田,统计了稻螟(水稻的害虫)和青蛙(稻螟的天敌)的数量变化情况,并绘制成如曲线图,据图回答有关问题:

(1)青蛙属于两栖动物,稻螟属于昆虫.青蛙和稻螟在发育过程中的相同点是______.

(2)稻螟在发育过程中有蜕皮现象.这是因为______.

(3)从图中Ⅰ点开始,A区稻螟逐渐减少的原因是______.

(4)B区使用了杀虫剂甲胺磷一段时间后,稻螟的数量增长至比使用前还多,为什么?______.

(5)从中你得到什么启示?______.

答案

(1)青蛙的发育过程为:雄蛙先鸣叫吸引雌蛙,雌蛙来后雌雄蛙抱对,促进两性生殖细胞排出,两性生殖细胞在水中结合形成受精卵,许多受精卵在一起形成卵块,受精卵孵化出小蝌蚪,小蝌蚪先长后肢,再长前肢,最后尾巴逐渐消失,变成小幼蛙,幼蛙逐渐长成成蛙.即受精卵→蝌蚪→幼蛙→成蛙,青蛙的幼体和成体在系统结构和生活习性上差异很大,这样的发育属于变态发育.完全变态发育是昆虫变态地两种类型之一.昆虫在个体发育中,经过卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫等4个时期地叫完全变态发育.完全变态发育的幼虫与成虫在形态构造和生活习性上明显不同,差异很大.如稻螟.不完全变态发育过程为:卵→若虫→成虫(例如:蝗虫、螳螂、蝼蛄、蟋蟀),因此,青蛙和稻螟在发育过程中的相同点是变态发育.

(2)大多数的昆虫体表有外骨骼,起到保护、支撑和防止体内水分的散失,外骨骼不能随着身体的长大而变大,当昆虫逐渐长大时,外骨骼就会限制昆虫的生长,昆虫在生长过程中脱去外骨骼的现象就是蜕皮现象.因此,稻螟在发育过程中有蜕皮现象.

(3)从图中Ⅰ点开始,A区稻螟逐渐减少的原因是由于青蛙较多,稻螟被青蛙捕食,导致数量减少.

(4)B区使用了杀虫剂甲胺磷一段时间后,稻螟的数量增长至比使用前还多的原因是农药的使用毒杀了青蛙,并对稻螟进行了选择,存活的抗药性稻螟没有了天敌而数量迅速增加.

(5)从中得到启示是合理利用生物防治的方法,既有利于保护生物多样性,又有利于保护环境.

故答案为:

(1)变态发育

(2)外骨骼不能随身体长大而生长

(3)被青蛙捕食

(4)农药的使用毒杀了青蛙,并对稻螟进行了选择,存活的抗药性稻螟没有了天敌而迅速增加.

(5)合理利用生物防治的方法,既有利于保护生物多样性,又有利于保护环境.

单项选择题 共用题干题
单项选择题


Passage One

Historically, although the children of immigrants may have grown up bilingual and bicultural, many did not pass on much of their parents’ language or culture to their own children. Thus, many grandchildren of immigrants do not speak the language of the old country and are "American" by culture. However, in some parts of the country with established communities that share a common language or culture, bilingualism and biculturalism continue. This is particularly true in communities where new immigrants are still arriving. In general, cultural pluralism (多元化) is more accepted in the United States today than it was in the first half of the 20th century, and many of the school systems have developed bilingual programs and multicultural curricula.
At the close of the 20th century, there seemed to be a rise in the consciousness of ethnic groups around the world, and a sense of pride in what makes them unique. This occurs in the United States among many different groups, and in some cases it has resulted in new names to symbolize each group’s identity. In the United States, people have become very sensitive to the language used to describe these groups, and they try to be "politically correct" (P. C. ). For example, many black Americans, particularly young people, prefer the term African-American instead of black, to identify with their African heritage. Some Spanish speakers prefer to be called Latinos (referring to Latin America) instead of Hispanics, while others prefer to be identified by their country of origin (Cuban-American or Cuban, Chicano, Mexican-American or Mexican, and so on).
In spite of some very important differences, however, there is still a tie that binds Americans together. That tie is a sense of national identity—of "being an American". Incidentally, when citizens of the United States refer to themselves as Americans, they have no intention of excluding people from Latin American countries. There is no word such as United Statesians in the English language, so people call themselves Americans. Thus, what is really a language problem has sometimes caused misunderstandings. Although citizens of Latin American countries may call the people in the United States North Americans, to most people in the United States this makes no sense either, because the term North Americans refer to Canadians and Mexicans as well as citizens of the United States. The word American, then, will be used in this text as the adjective and nationality for the people who live in the United States of America.

People who live in the United States of America prefer to be called ______ .

A.United Statesians

B.Americans

C.Latin Americans

D.North Americans