问题 阅读理解与欣赏

话说风筝

        ①中国是风筝的故乡。古书中称“风鸢”,南方叫“鹞子”,北方称“纸鸢”。早期用木料制成的叫“木鸢”。由于社会不断进步,风筝的材质也发生了变化,陆续出现了帛鸢和纸鸢。如今也有人选用质轻、不易破损和经久耐用的化纤来替代纸和绢。

       ②“风筝”一词始见于五代,大约唐、五代时风筝已由最初的军事工具和宫廷娱乐逐渐普及到民间,成为一种艺术性和观赏性很强的娱乐游戏,同时还是一项很好的体育运动。每年的腊月初八到清明前后是放风筝的好时节,据说这一时期放风筝可以去晦气,祈平安。明清时期,清明放风筝已成为一种节令性很强的民俗活动。

       ③风筝种类繁多,造型各异。中国制作风筝技艺精湛,经验丰富,《南鹞北鸢考工志》将制作风筝的技艺概括为扎、糊、绘、放“四艺”。其中扎、糊、绘是风筝制作的关键环节。扎是用竹子扎制风筝的骨架。一只风筝能否飞得高、放得远,关键看骨架的扎制。要根据风筝的大小来选择竹子的粗细软硬,还要做到对称均衡。从风筝的骨架结构可以把风筝分为硬翅、软翅、长串、筒式、平挑、拍子、微型风筝等。按形象分有人物、鸟兽、水族、草虫、器皿等。糊是用纸、绢、绸、无纺布等糊在风筝的骨架上。糊的的技艺要求也很高,一定要平整,松紧适度,对称的部位要一致,这样才能保持风筝的平稳。绘是在风筝上绘上各种吉祥如意的美丽图案,有的是凰好后再糊,也有的是先糊好后画,制作技艺高超的多选择后者。

       ④中国各地有独具地方特色的风筝,它们风格各异,有的粗犷豪放,有的活泼精巧,有的色彩绚丽,有的清淡素雅。

       ⑤北京风筝历史悠久,在长期发展、借鉴、融合的过程中,逐渐形成了一定的规模,但真正形成流派乃至高潮的兴起,还是从曹雪芹的《南鹞北鸢考工志》开始的。大约乾隆二十年(1755年),曹雪芹所创图式的风筝出现在京城,自此迎来了北京风筝的鼎盛时期。

       ⑥天津风筝以造型优美、人物生动、色彩艳丽、风格独特而闻名于世,其最显著的特征表现在骨架扎法和绘画上。杰出代表为魏元泰,人称“风筝魏”。 

       ⑦山东潍坊旧称潍县,是著名的民间美术之乡,不仅风筝名扬四海,杨家埠也是木版年画的产地之一,“家家能染墨,户户会点青”。把制作木版年画的工艺与风筝艺术相结合,更加突出了潍坊风筝的地方特色。

       ⑧江苏南通风筝又称“鹞子”,其造型优美,工艺精巧,音响是其最显著的特征。主要有“板鹞”和“活鹞”两大类。

1.题目“话说风筝”指明了本文的什么?

                                                                                                                                      

2.读第①段,看看风筝在材质上发生了哪些变化。

     由“木”到“                            ”,到“                            ”,到“                              ”。

3.第⑥段划线句运用了什么说明方法?试分析其作用。

     说明方法                                                                                         

     作用                                                                                         

4.第②段中画线的“据说”一词能否去掉?为什么?

                                                                                                                                                     

5.北京风筝和山东潍坊风筝各有什么特点?

     北京风筝特点:                                                                                                      

     山东潍坊风筝特点:                                                                                                                      

答案

1.指明了本文的说明对象。

2.由“木”到“帛”,由“纸”到“化纤”。

3.举例子   具体说明了天津风筝最显著的特征表现在骨架扎法和绘画上。

4.不能。因为“据说”是无根据的说法。去掉之候,“这个时候放风筝可以去掉晦气,祈平安”的说法就成了事实,与实际不符。“据说”一词体现了说明文语言的准确性。

5.北京风筝特点:历史悠久。

      山东潍坊风筝特点:把制作木板年画的工艺与风筝艺术相结合。

选择题
完形填空
America's Beauty Is in Its Diversity
America is built on the idea of freedom,and there is no exception for Muslim women.I ____ the freedom of religion and speech.But mostly,I believe it's OK to be ____,and to stand up for who and what you are.So I believe in wearing the hijab.
The hijab is a religious head covering,like a scarf.I am Muslim,and keeping my head covered is a ____ of maturity and respect toward my ____ and to Allah's will.____,I also like to wear it to be different.I don't usually like to do what everyone else is doing.I want to be a(n) ____,not just part of the crowd.But when I first wore it,I was also afraid of the ____ that I'd get at school.
I ____ on my own that sixth grade was the ____ I should start wearing the hijab.I was ____ about what the kids would say or even do to me.I thought they might make fun of me,or ____ be scared of me and ____ my headscarf.Kids at that age usually like to be all the same,and there's little or no ____ of differences.
On the first day of school,I put all those ____ thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high.I was holding my breath a little,but ____ I was also proud to be a Muslim,proud to be wearing the hijab,proud to be different.
I was ____ about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me.I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering.Most of the kids would come and ask me questions—____—about the hijab and why I wore it.
I did hear some kid was making fun of me,___ there was one girl—she wasn't even in my class,and we never really talked much—and she spoke ____ me,and I wasn't even there!I made a lot of new friends that year,friends that I still have until this very day,five years later.
Yes,I'm different,but everyone is different here,in one way or another.This is the ____ of America.
小题1:
A.believe inB.stick toC.carry out D.push for
小题2:
A.independent B.freeC.sensitive D.different
小题3:
A.signal B.signC.reminderD.cause
小题4:
A.religion B.countryC.parents D.status
小题5:
A.In a word B.In generalC.To be exact D.To be honest
小题6:
A.princess B.heroineC.individual D.adult
小题7:
A.praiseB.punishmentC.reactionD.reflection
小题8:
A.hoped B.expectedC.realizedD.decided
小题9:
A.time B.chance C.caseD.occasion
小题10:
A.disappointed B.scaredC.enthusiastic D.angry
小题11:
A.stillB.alreadyC.evenD.ever
小题12:
A.show off B.pull offC.pick up D.put up
小题13:
A.rejectionB.ignoranceC.awareness D.acceptance
小题14:
A.negative B.optimisticC.serious D.strange
小题15:
A.oftenB.insideC.onlyD.outside
小题16:
A.concernedB.particularC.wrong D.convinced
小题17:
A.respectfully B.cautiouslyC.suspiciously D.critically
小题18:
A.and B.so C.but D.or
小题19:
A.in terms of  B.in front ofC.in charge of D.in favor of
小题20:
A.significance B.beautyC.value D.power