问题 阅读理解与欣赏

禽流感究竟是什么?

        ①禽流感究竟是什么?专家解释,通俗地说,就是禽类的病毒性流行性感冒,是由A型流感病毒引起禽类的一种从呼吸系统到严重全身败血症状的传染病,禽类感染后死亡率很高。1997年5月9日,香港一名3岁男童体内分离出一株甲型流感病毒,同年8月确诊为全球首例由A型(H5Nl)禽流感病毒引起的人间病例,至当年底,香港共发生18例确诊病例,其中死亡6例。这也首次证实了H5N1病毒能感染人类,并有很高的致死率。遗憾的是,人类至今尚未研制出相应疫苗。

       ②禽流感的传染源主要是鸡、鸭,特别是感染了H5Nl病毒的鸡,目前已有证据显示病人也可以成为传染源;在自然条件下,存在于口腔和粪便的禽流感病毒由于受到有机物的保护具有极大的抵抗力,特别是在凉爽和潮湿温和的条件下可存活很长时间,人类直接接触受H5N1病毒感染的家禽及其粪便或直接接触H5N1病毒都会受到感染。此外,通过飞沫及接触呼吸道分泌物也是传播途径。

       ③人类患上禽流感后,潜伏期一般为7天以内,早期症状与其它流感非常相似,主要表现为发热、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咽痛、头痛、全身不适,部分患者可有恶心、腹痛、腹泻、稀水样便等消化道症状,有些患者可见眼结膜炎,体温大多持续在39°C以上,一些患者胸部x线还会显示单侧或双侧肺炎,少数患者伴胸腔积液。大多数患者治愈后良好,病程短,恢复快,且不留后遗症,但少数患者特别是年龄较大、治疗过迟的患者病情会迅速发展成急性肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、肺出血、胸腔积液、全血细胞减少、肾衰竭、败血症休克及Reye综合症等多种并发症而死亡。专家建议,病人一旦出现以上症状应该及时就医,一旦被怀疑为H5N1病毒感染,应马上住院隔离并报告疫情,防止病情恶化和传染扩散。

       ④由于没有相应疫苗,而冬春季节又是急性呼吸道疾病的高发期,专家提醒市民,健康的生活方式对预防疾病非常重要。市民平时应加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟;发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触,对鸡肉等食物应彻底煮熟;保持室内空气流通,尽量少去空气不流通的场所,注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。此外,禽流感病毒对乙醚、氯仿、丙酮等有机溶剂,热及紫外线均敏感,56°C加热30分钟,60°C加热10分钟,70°C加热数分钟,阳光直射40—48小时以及使用常用消毒药均可使该病毒灭亡。

1.本文说明了禽流感的哪些内容? 

     答:                                                                                                         

2.第①段中“这”指代的内容是什么?

     答:                                                                                                                            

3.第③段中画线词语“一般”“主要”有什么表达作用?

     答:                                                                                                                                         

4.选文运用设问作标题有什么好处?

     答:                                                                                                                                          

5.第①段中画直线的句子运用了什么说明方法?意在说明什么?

     答:                                                                                                                                         

6.近两年,非典和禽流感给我们的生活造成了不良影响。有人说,这与人类的生活习惯和对自然界的破坏有很大关系,你同意这种观点吗?说说你的理由。

                                                                                                                                                          

答案

1.本文主要说明了禽流感的定义、传播途径、症状、预防等内容。

2.“自1997年5月9日至当年底,香港共发生18例确诊病例,其中死亡6例”。

3.这些词语运用得十分准确:“一般”表示通常情况下,但并不排除特殊性;“主要”强调了事物的范围,体现出说明文用词的科学性、严密性。

4.引起读者注意、思考和阅读兴趣。

5.举例子、列数字;H5N1病毒能感染人类,并有很高的致死率。

6.此为开放题;言之有理即可。

填空题

Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface Or did she throw away goods that she didn’t need in order to travel lighter
Over 100000 people with "gold fever" made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather.
The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century.

The ordinary woman’s leather shoe is considered unusual because ______.
A. it was an important clue to life in the past
B. it was found on a famous trail
C. it at one time belonged to a VIP
D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time

名词解释