问题 实验题

化学就在我们身边

(1)萌萌是个爱劳动的孩子,平时自己的衣物总是自己清洗,她发现用湿手取少量洗衣粉时感觉到手发烫,原因是洗衣粉溶于水           (填“放热”或“吸热“)。生活用水在净化过程中常用             吸附色素和异味,一般可以通过               的方法降低水的硬度。

(2)我们在实验室通常用酒精灯给物质加热,其燃烧的燃料是乙醇,俗名酒精,酒精是一种清洁能源,它属于         (选填“纯净物” 或“ 混合物)”,是           (选填“可再生”或“不可再生”)能源。酒精燃烧的化学方程式为                   

(3)PM2.5是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,也称为可入肺颗粒物。它的直径还不到人的头发丝粗细的1/20,与较粗的大气颗粒物相比,PM2.5粒径小,富含大量的有毒、有害物质且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大,易引发包括哮喘、支气管炎和心血管病等方面的疾病.抽空多去野(如森林或海边)外走一走,那里的PM2.5值很低.

①PM2.5其实就是我国计入空气首要污染物的       (填字母序号);

A.氮氧化物

B.二氧化硫

C.一氧化碳

D.可吸入颗粒物②今年的11月份至今,海安地区已出现多次灰霾天气,污染比较严重,据统计,冬季是灰霾日相对集中的季节,其原因是_________________________

③在日常生活中,可以减少PM2.5的一点有效措施有                              

答案

(1)放热      活性炭     煮沸水

(2)纯净物    可再生     C2H5OH +3O2点燃2CO2 +3H2O

(3)D    夏季多雨冬天干旱(或夏天树叶茂盛等)    不吸烟;少开机动车;多植树等

题目分析:(1)感觉到手发烫,说明洗衣粉溶解时放出热量;净化水的方法有沉淀、过滤、吸附、蒸馏,淀包括静止沉淀和吸附沉淀,吸附沉淀时水中要加明矾,作用是明矾溶于水形成胶状物吸附杂质,使杂质沉降,达到净水的目的;过滤可将固体和液体分离;过滤只除去了难溶性物质,要用活性炭吸附水的颜色和异味;降低水的硬度的方法有煮沸和蒸馏,生活中用煮沸的方法;

(2)酒精可用C2 H5 OH表示属纯净物,,高粱、玉米等经过发酵、蒸馏,可得到乙醇,属可再生能源;酒精燃烧生成水和二氧化碳,反应的化学方程式为C2H5OH +3O2点燃2CO2 +3H2O

(3)由题意可知,PM2.5其实就是可吸入颗粒物;冬季少雨,较干燥,可吸入颗粒物不易沉降下去,所以冬季雾霾天气较多;为减少可吸入颗粒物可多植树、少开机动车、使用清洁能源等。

单项选择题

Internet shopping is a new way of shopping. Nowadays, you can shop for just about anything from your armchair. All you need is a computer which is linked to the Internet. Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular. In the United States, people spent over US $2.5 billion on Internet shopping in 1998. This figure is expected to reach US $11 billion by the year 2004.
People can shop for a variety of products on the Internet. Physical products include items such as books, CDs, clothes and food. These types of products are the most common purchases through the Internet. You can also buy information products such as on-line news or magazine stories, or you can download computer software through the Internet. Services such as booking airline tickets, reserving hotels or renting cars are also available on the Internet. You can also go shopping on the Internet for entertainment services and take part in on-line games.
Internet shopping offers a number of benefits for the shopper. The most important advantage is convenience. You can shop when you like as the on-line shops are open 24 hours a day and you don’t have to queue with other shoppers at the checkout counters. Secondly, it is easy to find what you are looking for on the Internet. Even out-of-print books may be ordered on line. Finally, it is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet, and you can tell the shop exactly what you want.
The main disadvantage of Internet shopping is that you cannot actually see the products you are buying or check their quality. Also, many people enjoy shopping in the city and miss the opportunity to talk to friends. Some people are worried about paying for goods using credit cards, so Internet companies are now finding ways to make on-line payment safe.
Internet shopping is sure to become more and more popular in the years ahead. It promises to change the way we buy all kinds of things—from tonight’s dinner to a new car.

In the passage, which of the following disadvantages of Internet shopping is not mentioned

A. customers cannot actually see the products they are buying
B. customers cannot check the product’s quantity they are buying
C. many people enjoy shopping in the city and miss the opportunity to talk to friends
D. some people are worried about paying for goods using credit cards

填空题