问题 综合题

(18分)阅读以下材料,回答问题:

材料一 牟氏庄园,是大地主牟墨林及其后裔高营建的住宅,是目前我国保存最完整、最典型的地主庄园,也是我国北方最大的地主庄园。庄园内的每一项建筑都严格按照封建地主阶级的等级观念布局:大厅供奉祖先,老爷居住楼阁,妻妾子女居于平房,一干佣人居于群房。粮仓、磨房、碾房、粉房、油坊、棺寿房等多在群厢,形成了一个自我封闭,自给自足的小社会体系。1988年1月13日,修葺一新的牟氏庄园经国务院批准,憋列为全国重点文物保护单位。从此,庄园全面对外开放,短短十几年间,观光旅游者已超过六百万人次。

材料二 战国时候,韩、赵、魏三国的垦荒工作取得了很大成效,中原地区的荒地大大减少。秦国从孝公商鞅变法以来也很重视垦荒。到秦昭王晚年更用分给田宅、免除徭役等办法招徕三晋(韩、赵、魏)之民到秦开荒,使秦国的荒地迅速得到开垦。

——《中国经济简史》

材料三 江南之为国盛矣。虽南包象、浦,西括邛、山,至于外奉贡赋,内充府实,止于荆、扬二州。                    

——(南朝梁)沈约:《宋书》

请回答:

(1)据材料一,你可以得出哪些历史信息?(4分)

(2) 材料二反映了我国农业的什么特征?结合所学知识,分析形成这一特征的主要原因。(6分)

(3) 与材料一相比,材料三反映了我国经济发展出现了什么变化?根据所学知识,简述这一变化的具体表现。(6分)

(4)从材料一到材料三,反映了我国古代农业发展的哪些趋势?(2分)

答案

(18分)答案要点:(1)封建地主阶级的等级观念,自我封闭、自给自足,已被列为国家重点文物保护,成为旅游胜地。(4分)

(2)特征:大力垦荒以扩大耕地面积。(2分)原因:铁制农具和牛耕的推广;各国政府的鼓励性措施。(4分)

(3)变化:江南经济发展迅速。(2分)表现:耕地面积增多,扩展到长江、岭南。耕作技术进步,单位产量提高;三吴地区、成都平原成重要产粮区。农业发展带动了手工业和商业的进步,以丝织为主的纺织业技术高,产量大;出现了建康和扬州等大城市。(4分)

(4)趋势:经济重心由北向南转移;农产品的商品化程度不断提高。(2分)

阅读理解

第四部分阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

A

In the summer of 1978 an English farmer was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered that some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened(变平的) wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. The five circles were in a formation(构造) like five dots (点). During the following years, farmers in England found the strange circles in their fields more and more often.

The circles are called “crop circles” because they appear in the fields of grain—usually wheat or corn. The grain in the circles lies flat on the ground but is never broken; it continues to grow, and farmers can later harvest it .Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months from May to September.

At first, people thought that the circles were a hoax. Probably young people were making them as a joke ,or farmers were making them to attract tourists .To prove that the circles were a hoax, people tried to make circles exactly like the ones that farmers had found. They couldn’t do it .They couldn’t enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldn’t flatten the grain without breaking it.

Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles to communicate(交流)with us from far away and that the crop circles are messages from them.

Scientists who have studied the crop circles suggested several possibilities. Some scientists say that a downward rush of wind leads to the formation of the circles—the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash(坠毁).Other scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. There is one problem with all these scientific explanations: crop circles often appear in formations, like the five-dot formation. It is hard to believe that any natural force could form those.

61. In the summer of 1978 , an English farmer discovered in his field that______.      

A.some of his wheat had been damaged

B.his grain was growing up in circles

C.his grain was moved into several circles

D.some of his wheat had fallen onto the ground

62. According to the text, the underlined part “hoax” (line 1, para.3 ) probably means       .

A.an action made to fool people

B.a special way to plant crops

C.a research on the force of winds

D.an experiment for the protection of crops

63. Which of the following may prove that the crop circles are not made by man?

A.The farmers couldn’t step out of the field.

B.The farmers couldn’t make the circles round.

C.The farmers couldn’t leave without footprints.

D.The farmers couldn’t keep the wheat straight up.

64. That the crop circles are made by       is probably true.

A.air movement                               B.airplane crashes

C.new farming techniques                 D.unknown flying objects

单项选择题