问题 论述题

《关于2008年中央和地方预算草案的报告》指出,200年中央财政重点支出安排和主要财税政策主要有:继续实施稳健的财政政策,适当减少财政赤字和国债资金规模。 促进经济结构优化,发挥财税政策稳定物价的作用。巩固、完善和强化各项强农惠农财税政策,坚持把支持“三农”作为预算安排和财政工作的重点。大力支持教育、医疗卫生、社会保障等社会建设,保障优先发展教育。中央财政安排用于教育支出1561.76亿元,增长45.1%。全面实施城乡免费义务教育。推进医疗卫生体制改革。中央财政安排用于医疗卫生支出831.58亿元,增长25.2%。完善社会保障体系。中央财政安排用于社会保障和就业支出2761.61亿元,按可比口径增长24.2%。加大对科技创新和节能减排的支持力度 ,促进科技创新。增加对基础研究和高新技术研究的投入,安排147.6亿元,增长24%。

(1)上述材料体现财政支出的哪几种形式?

(2)结合材料说明财政发挥了什么样的作用?

答案

(1)对“三农”的投入属于经济建设支出;对教育、医疗卫生的投入属于科学教育、文化、卫生事业支出;就业和社会保障工作的支出,属于社会保障支出。

(2)①国家通过财政调控经济平稳运行。通过实施稳健的财政政策,发挥财税政策稳定物价的作用体现了这一点。②国家财政促进经济持续协调发展。强化各项强农惠农财税政策,坚持把支持“三农”作为预算安排和财政工作的重点。大力支持教育、加大对科技创新和节能减排的支持力度 ,促进科技创新。增加对基础研究和高新技术研究的投入,是其生动体现。③国家财政促进科教文卫事业的发展,中央财政安排教育、科技、卫生、文体广播计划生育等支出体现了这一点。④财政是建立和完善社会公共服务体系的物质保障,中央财政安排公检法司等支出就体现了这一点。⑤财政是健全社会保障体系,改善人民生活的物质保障,财政大力支持就、比再就业和社会保障工作,就体现了这一点。

本题通过列举财政支出的相关数据考查对财政支出形式和财政作用的理解。解答此题需准确、全面解读材料提供的相关信息。财政支出是财政职能得以履行的物质前提,财政支出的形式与财政的作用在一定程度上是相互对应的。作答时要注意做到观点与材料的有机结合。

单项选择题

In one sense, we can trace all the problems of the American city back (91) a single starting point: we Americans don’t like our cities very much.
That is, on the (92) of it, absurd. After all, more than three-fourths of us now live in cities, and more are (93) to them every year. We are told that the problems of our cities are (94) more attention in Washington, and scholarship has discovered a whole new (95) in urban studies.
(96) , it is historically true: in the American psychology, the city has been a basically suspect institution, (97) with the corruption of Europe, totally lacking that sense of spaciousness and innocence of the (98) and the rural landscape.
I don’t pretend to be a scholar on the history of the city in American life. But my thirteen years in public (99) , first as an officer of the U. S. Department of Justice, then as Congressman, and now as Mayor of the biggest city in America have taught me (100) too well the fact that a p antiurban attitude (101) consistently through the mainstream of American thinking. Much of the (102) behind the settlement of America was in reaction (103) the conditions in European industrial centers and much of the theory (104) the basis of freedom in America was linked directly to the availability of land and the perfectibility of man outside the corrupt influences of the city.
What has this to do with the predicament of the modern city I think it has (105) to do with it. For the fact is that the United States (106) the federal government, which has historically established our national priorities, has simply never thought that the American city was "worthy" of (107) —at least not to the (108) of expending any basic resources on it.
Antipathy to the city predates the American experience. When industrialization (109) the European working man into the major cities of the continent, books and pamphlets appeared (110) the city as a source of crime, corruption, filth, disease, vice, licentiousness, subversion, and high prices.

A.appearance

B.outside

C.exterior

D.face

填空题