问题 解答题

小芳学着妈妈做馒头,将适量酵母粉与面粉混匀后,加入适量清水糅合成面团,然后将面团放入温水锅中隔水保温.为了使面团发得更快,小芳将温水锅中的水换成了刚烧开的热水,一段时间后将面团取出做馒头,结果,小芳蒸出的馒头不如妈妈做得松软多孔.请分析回答:

(1)酵母粉中含有酵母菌,酵母菌能否自己制造有机物?______,它与细菌的细胞相比,在结构上最主要的区别是______.

(2)馒头比面条更加膨大松软,这是因为馒头在制作过程中加入了酵母菌,酵母菌产生的______气体遇热膨胀的缘故.

(3)从小芳蒸馒头的失败中可以推测:______会影响酵母菌的生活.

(4)米酒的制作业离不开酵母菌,如图能正确反映酵母菌发酵时,单位时间内产酒量随温度变化的曲线是______.

答案

(1)、酵母菌细胞内无叶绿体,不能通过光合作用自己制造有机物,必需利用现成的有机物生活,其营养方式是异养.它与细菌的细胞相比,其结构的最主要区别是酵母菌有真正的细胞核,细菌无真正的细胞核.

(2)(3)、酵母菌等微生物需要适宜的温度,温度太高或太低,都会影响其生长和繁殖,分析上面的过程,小芳不成功的原因是她换成的热水使面团温度过高,不利于酵母菌的生活,影响去发酵.

(4)酿酒时要用到酵母菌,在无氧的条件下酵母菌才能把葡萄糖分解成酒精和二氧化碳,酵母菌的生活需要适宜的温度,过低会抑制酵母菌的生长和繁殖,影响发酵.因此在适当的温度范围内,随着温度的升高,酵母菌的活性增强,利于发酵,产生较多的酒精,但随着温度的继续升高,超过了酵母菌的最适宜温度,温度过高会抑制酵母菌的活性,直至杀死酵母菌,产酒量会慢慢降低.可见C正确,符合题意.

故答案为:(1)异养;有真正的细胞核.

(2)二氧化碳;

(3)温度;

(4)C

单项选择题

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual’’s life. The rewards of the group’’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4

A.Students form a study group so that all of them can improve their grades.

B.A new business attempts to take customers away from an established company.

C.Two rival political parties temporarily work together to defeat a third party.

D.Members of a farming community share work and the food that they grow.

单项选择题