问题 单项选择题 B型题

肾小管性蛋白尿()。

A.尿中有凝溶蛋白

B.尿中有β2微球蛋白

C.Tamm-Horsfall蛋白

D.活动后出现尿蛋白,平卧后消失

E.活动后出现尿蛋白(+),平卧后仍持续存在

答案

参考答案:B

解析:1.溢出性蛋白尿(overflowproteinuria)肾小球滤过、肾小管重吸收均正常,因血浆中相对分子质量较小或阳性电荷蛋白异常增多,经肾小球滤过,超过肾小管重吸收能力所形成的蛋白尿。异常增多的蛋白有游离血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、溶菌酶、本-周蛋白(Bence-Jonesprotein,BJP)等,尿蛋白定性多为(+~++)。常见于多发性骨髓瘤等。2.隐匿性肾小球疾病是以无症状蛋白尿(尿蛋白量少于1.0g/d,以白蛋白为主)和(或)单纯性血尿(持续或间断镜下血尿,并偶见肉眼血尿,血尿性质为肾小球源性)为临床表现的一组肾小球疾病。病人无水肿、高血压及肾功能损害。3.肾小管性蛋白尿(tubularpro-teinuria)指肾小管在受到感染、中毒损伤或继发于肾小球疾病时,因重吸收能力降低或抑制,而出现的以相对分子质量较小的蛋白为主的蛋白尿。尿β2-M、溶菌酶增高,尿液清蛋白正常或轻度增多;尿蛋白定性(+~++),定量1~2g/24h,常见于肾小管损害疾病。4.直立性蛋白尿又称体位性蛋白尿,是在直立位或腰部前突时出现的蛋白尿。其特点为清晨在卧位时尿蛋白排泄量正常,而起床活动后逐渐出现蛋白尿。长时间直立、行走或活动时,尿蛋白增多;但平卧休息后可转为阴性。

选择题
填空题


In the following passage, there are 25 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual’s own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. (17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.