问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,回答问题。

迷雾探踪

  ①雾是一种常见的天气现象,当接近地面的大气中的水汽达到饱和状态时,大量的微小水滴或冰晶微粒悬浮在空中,形成雾茫茫的天气,使视野模糊不清,气象学上把这种天气现象称为雾。雾有轻重之分。当水平能见度在1—10千米时称为轻雾,水平能见度低于1千米时称为大雾,水平能见度在500米以下的称为浓雾。根据空气达到过饱和的具体条件不同,通常把雾分为辐射雾、平流雾、蒸汽雾、上坡雾、锋面雾等几种。

  ②雾到底是怎样形成的呢?让我们来看看生活中的一个现象:在做饭时,大家总能看到锅的上方有雾气产生,雾的形成和它形成的原理相同,只是形成的范围大,维持的时间长而已。空气中能容纳一定量的水汽。白昼的温度一般比较高,空气中可容纳较多的水汽;但是到了夜晚,地面热量的散失,使地面温度下降,同时影响接近地面的空气层,使空气的温度也降低,当温度低到空气不能容纳原先所有的水汽时,过剩的水汽便凝结成小水滴或小冰晶,浮游在近地面的大气中,雾就形成了。凌晨时分空气温度低,所以大雾经常出现在早晨。太阳升起后,由于温度的升高,小水滴或小冰晶又变成水汽降落到地面,雾就渐渐消散了。

  ③大雾天气不仅对交通影响很大,而且还危害农业。如果连续几天大雾,将使农作物缺乏光照,进而影响作物生长,诱使病害发生。如小麦抽穗时遇上3天以上大雾,就容易引起赤霉病。

  ④专家提醒说,雾对人体健康的危害有很大的隐蔽性。据测定,雾滴中含有各种酸、碱、盐、胺、酚、尘埃、病原微生物等有害物质的比例,比通常的大气水滴高出几十倍。人们如果在雾中锻炼或散步,随着活动量的增加呼吸会加深、加快,这样就会更多地吸收到雾中的有害物质,极易诱发或加重气管炎、咽喉炎、结膜炎等诸多疾病。所以,在有雾的天气里,人们应适当停止一些户外活动,尤其是一些剧烈的运动。

  ⑤既然大雾能给人们带来危害,那么人们能不能消除迷雾呢?回答是肯定的,可以进行人工消雾。所谓人工消雾,就是指用人工影响的方式消除局部区域内的雾以提高能见度的行为。雾可分为雾区温度高于0℃的暖雾和低于0℃的过冷雾。目前一般有三种消暖雾的方法:一、加热法。对小范围雾区采取一定的措施,加热空气使雾滴蒸发而消失。二、吸湿法。播撒盐、尿素等吸湿物质作为催化剂,产生大量凝结核,水汽附着在凝结核上成为大水滴。三、人工搅动混合法。用直升飞机在雾区顸部缓慢飞行,把雾顶以上干燥空气驱赶下来与雾中空气混合,促使雾滴蒸发消失。

1.文章分四个层次介绍了“迷雾”,请分别用一个四字短语概括一、四层的内容。

___________→雾的形成→雾的危害→___________

2.第①③段中主要运用了哪几种说明方法?(至少举出三种)

__________________________________________________________

3.第②段在说明雾的形成与消散过程中采用了什么说明顺序?

__________________________________________________________

4.文章在说明雾的危害时,略写了对交通的影响,详写了对人的危害。这样处理详略的理由是什么?

__________________________________________________________

答案

1.雾的定义 雾的消除

2.下定义 分类别 举例子 列数字(答出其中三种即可)

3.时间顺序

4.雾对交通的影响是大家所熟悉的,故略写;雾对人的危害具有很大的“隐蔽性”,故祥写。

(意对即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     One day when he was crossing the road, Tom was hit by a car. He fell down and broke his arm.

     An ambulance (救护车) soon arrived and took Tom to a hospital. A doctor operated on (动手术)

his arm and put the arm in a plaster cast(上石膏). Tom could not move it at all.

     "You must keep your arm in a cast for six weeks." the doctor said, "That would give the broken arm

a chance to heal (愈合)."

     At the end of the six weeks, Tom went back to the hospital. The doctor cut the cast with a large

saw (锯) and took the arm out of the cast.

    "Can you move your arm, Tom?" he asked.

    Tom tried to move his arm. At first it was difficult, but soon he was able to move it a little.

    "Yes, it's fine." he said, "Thank you very much, doctor."

    "In a few days it will be as good as usual." the doctor said, "Just exercise it a little."

    "Will I be able to play the piano?"Tom asked.

     The doctor smiled. "Of course, you will." he said, "You'll have no problem." "That is good news."

Tom said, "Because I couldn't play it at all before."

1. How did Tom break his arm?

A. He fell off a tree.

B. He broke it while playing football.

C. He was hit by a car on the road.

2. How long did he have to keep the arm in the plaster cast?

A. About 40 days.

B. Only for a few days.

C. Almost half a year.

3. What did the doctor tell Tom to do after the cast was taken off?

A. He asked him not to move his arm.

B. He asked him to exercise the arm.

C. He asked him to play the piano.

4. Why was Tom pleased?

A. He thought he would be able to play the piano.

B. The doctor would tell him how to play the piano.

C. The driver would give him a piano as a present.

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The cast was so hard that the doctor had to cut it open with a special tool.

B. Tom liked playing the piano but he didn't know how to play it?

C. An operation on Tom's arm made him be able to play the piano.

问答题 简答题