问题 填空题

(共15分)

下列物质的相互转化关系中,甲、乙、丙是三种金属单质,甲燃烧时,火焰呈黄色;A、C、D为气体,C在通常情况下呈黄绿色;H为红褐色沉淀物(图中部分反应的条件和生成物未全部标出)。

(1)B的俗名:             ;E的名称:             

(2)①写出反应①的离子方程式:                                          

②写出B→A的离子方程式:                                           

③写出反应②的化学方程式:                                          

此过程中物质的颜色变化情况为:                                      

(3)①写出反应C +丙反应的化学方程式:                                  

②写出反应C + F反应的离子方程式:                                  

③若C+F的产物为I,则检验I中阳离子的试剂是:    (化学式),现象为       

答案

(1)烧碱、苛性钠、火碱(任写一个)(写氢氧化钠不给分);

盐酸(写氯化氢不给分)

(2)①2Na+2H2O=2Na+2OH+H2↑;

②2Al+2OH+2H2O=2AlO2+3H2↑;

③4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3

(灰)白色→灰绿色→红褐色。

(3)

①2Fe+3Cl2=2FeCl3(加热或点燃)

②2Fe2+Cl2=2Fe3+2Cl

③KSCN,(血)红色(写到沉淀不给分)。或NaOH,红褐色沉淀

甲为金属单质且甲燃烧时火焰呈黄色可确定甲为金属钠(Na),钠与水反应生成氢氧化钠和氢气,A为气体则A为氢气,B为氢氧化钠;C在通常情况下呈黄绿色可得到C为氯气,氢气与氯气反应生成HCl,则D为HCl气体,E为盐酸;H为红褐色沉淀物H为

Fe(OH)3进而可以得出G为Fe(OH)2,F为FeCl2,则丙单质金属为铁。

(1)B的俗名烧碱、苛性钠、火碱;E的名称为盐酸(2)①钠与水反应离子方程式为

2Na+2H2O=2Na+2OH+H2↑;②B→A的离子方程式2Al+2OH+2H2O=2AlO2+3H2↑;③反应②的化学方程式4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3;该反应的现象是沉淀由白色先变为灰绿色最后变为红褐色(3)①反应C + 丙反应的化学方程式:2Fe+3Cl2=2FeCl3(加热或点燃)②反应C + F反应的离子方程式: 2Fe2+Cl2=2Fe3+2Cl

③C+F的产物为三氯化铁,检验Fe3+的方法是向其中加入硫氰化钾溶液,若溶液变为血红色说明原溶液中还有Fe3+

单项选择题

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

                                    A Heroic Driver

Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was  41

along 165 north after delivering to one of his    42   . suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.    43    he got closer, he found 44    vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed    45    shooting out from under the    46    vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and    47   the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.

The man who had his bright lights on    48    and told Larry he had    49    an emergency call. They    50    heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.    51   the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay    52    until the emergency personnel arrived,    53    she thought the car was going to    54   . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move    55    she injured her neck.

Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man    56    and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the    57    if he was needed or    58    to go. They let him and the other man go.

One thing is    59   —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His    60    most likely saved the woman’s life.

46()

A.used

B.disabled

C.removed

D.abandoned

单项选择题