问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读文段,回答问题。

警惕啊,无声无息的土壤杀手

  土壤、水、阳光和空气是地球生物存的四大要素。一般的污染马上就能引起大众的关注,而土壤污染看不见,而且引起的不是后果要在几个月、几年、几十年甚至百年后才会显现出来。土壤污染不像大气污染物那样,可以直接进入人体,危及健康,而是间接地影响人体健康。因为土壤里的污染物是通过食物链,主要通过粮食、蔬菜、水果、奶、蛋、肉类进入人体的,所以有的地方往往不重视对土壤污染的整治。然而,土壤污染比其他污染的危害时间更长,污染物质在并不像在大气和水体中那样容易扩散和稀释,通过长期积累以后,其影响往往是区域性的,而且重金属污染料基本上是一个不可逆转的过程,受其污染的土壤可能要很长时间才能恢复正常。

   近年来,由于人口急剧增长,工业迅猛发展,固体废物不断向土壤表面堆放和倾倒,有害废水不断向土壤中渗透,大气中的有害气体和飘浮的尘土也不断随雨水降落在土壤中,导致了土壤污染,农业生 产所用的化肥、农药和不合格的畜禽粪便肥料,也是造成土壤污染的重要来源。此外,战争之后的炸药、重金属等化学残留物,也对战区的土壤造成严重伤害。陈同斌研究员指出,世界上90%的污染物最终滞留在土壤内。 

  日前我国估计有1000多万公顷耕地受到污染,居然占全部可利用耕地面积的五分之一,其中矿区 污染土地达200万公顷,石油污染土地约500万公顷,固体废弃物堆放污染土地约5万公顷。每年因土壤污染减产粮食1000多万吨,因土壤而造成的各种农业经济损失合计200亿元。

   土壤污染已经对人类的健康造成威胁。陈同斌研究员前后用了3年的时间对北京全市的土壤和蔬菜进行了大规模的取样分析研究,发现土壤污染问题已经比较严重,并且已经影响到蔬菜等农产品的质量。土壤污染会使污染物在植物中积累,并通过食物链富集到人体和动物体中,危害人畜健康,引起各种疾病。土壤污染还会导致其他环境问题。 (选自《自然与人世间》,有改动)

1.土壤污染跟其他污染物相比有哪些不同的特点?

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2.土壤污染物有多种,下面列举了两种,请你从文中找出其他几种,仿照示例表述。  

示例:(1)播散在农作物上的化肥、农药和不合格粪便。  

      (2)残留在土壤中的炸药、重金属等化学物。 

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3.第3段中多处引用数据,你认为有什么作用?请结合具体内容给以简要说明。

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4.读了这篇短文后,你对土壤污染问题一定有了新的认识,请你根据平时的观察和思考,提一条防止  土壤污染的建议或拟一条警示性的标语。

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答案

1.(1)土壤污染看不见(2)间接地影响人体健康(3)污染的危害时间更长。

2.(1)堆放和倾倒在土壤表面的固体废物(2)渗透在土壤中的有害废水(3)(随雨水)降落在土壤中的有害气体和飘浮尘土。

3.具体、准确地说明了目前我国土壤污染的严重程度和造成的巨大损失。

4.“略”。(此题答案开放,只要能围绕防止土壤污染、告诫人们保护土壤等要点写即可。)

解答题
填空题

Blair Admits Never Having Sent Flowers to His Wife


British Prime Minister Tony Blair admitted on a television programme that he has never sent flowers to his wife Cherie and that he had a youthful crush on Hollywood beauty Grace Kelly.
Blair, who allowed Channel 4 interviewer June Sarpong to shadow him for two days last month, made other personal (1) when asked questions he rarely hears on the usual television political (2) .
During the interviews for a program targeting 18-30 year (3) , the prime minister admitted he sometimes has to "wing it" when (4) public appearances and that he yearns to go out for a drink (5) being recognised.
However, the most dramatic revelation was his reply to Sarpong’s (6) on whether he still sends his wife flowers, prompting his interviewer to (7) in disbelief. "I’ve never sent her flowers. If I sent her flowers, she would (8) worried," Blair said.
But he added: "I am romantic. There are other ways of (9) romantic."
Blair needed a few moments to recall which posters he had (10) his bedroom wall as a youngster, then revealed: "I’ll tell you... actually, (11) I was younger, I loved Grace Kelly."
Born in 1929, Kelly (12) in films like ’Dial M For Murder’, ’Rear Window’ and ’High Society’ in the mid-1950s, but (13) acting to marry Prince Rainier of Monaco in 1956, when Blair was (14) two years old.
Blair admitted he initially found it "odd" to be (15) minister and to be rushed in motorcades from appointment to (16) , and worried that his lifesty left him "a bit isolated" from (17) people.
He admitted that he was constantly on the phone between public (18) , and rarely had time to prepare for his next (19) , telling Sarpong: "I wing it all the time."
And he revealed he has to check himself before he replies to (20) questions from the public. "The worst thing is when someone is giving you a real earful and you think ’I’m going to say something I will regret’," he said.
Asked what he would do if he could be invisible for a day, Blair yearned for a more ordinary life, saying he would "just walk down the street and go to the pub... just be absolutely normal".