问题 填空题

在元素周期表短周期元素中,A、B、C、M是单质。M是一种日常常用金属,有关转化如图:

请回答:

(1)元素M在元素周期表的位置:        周期,       主族。

(2)①写出B与C在加热条件下反应的化学方程式:                         

② C与D反应的化学方程式为:                                       

③写出M与F的水溶液反应的离子方程式:                             

(3)将1mol E和1mol碳酸氢钠混合放在密闭容器中加热,加热至300℃经充分反应后排出气体。

写出:

①容器内残留的固体物质名称及其物质的量                              

②在容器中发生的化学反应的化学方程式:                              

答案

(15分)

(1)三,ⅢA(各1分)

(2)2Na+O2   Na2O2(2分)    2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑(2分)

(3)2Al+2OH+2H2O 2AlO2+3H­2↑(2分)

(4)碳酸钠(1分),1mol(1分),氢氧化钠(1分) 1mol(1分)

2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O↑+CO2↑   2Na2O2+2CO2 2Na­2CO3+O2

2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2(每个1分)

一定要注意本题所涉及的元素均为短周期元素,M是一种日常常用金属,可知M为铝。铝和单质B可反应,根据B的化合物及性质,可猜测B为氧气;进而可知D、E分别是由A、C和氧气反应得到,均为氧化物且可反应产生氧气,可推测出D、E应该是Na2O2、CO2或Na2O2、H2O;再由D、E的产物F可与铝反应可知D、E应该是Na2O2、H2O反应生成了F:NaOH。由F(NaOH)与M(铝)反应生成了A与H,可知A为氢气。

到此为止,可知A、B、C分别为氢气、氧气、钠单质。

(3)将1mol Na2O2和1mol碳酸氢钠混合放在密闭容器中加热,发生下列反应:

2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O↑+CO2

2Na2O2+2CO2 2Na­2CO3+O2

2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2(每个1分)

NaHCO3分解产生的两个气体恰好与Na2O2反应生成相应的产物。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
       Do you know what Oscar is? When did it start? Maybe you can find the background of the awards in
the following passage.
       The awards started in 1929. Their full title is "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
Awards". The Academy is a group of people who have worked in the film industry for many years. They
decide who will receive the awards. The awards are often referred to as the "Oscar". This is a nickname
given to the awards by a lady called Margaret Herrick. She was once the director of the Academy and she
once said that the little gold statue reminded her of her uncle Oscar!
        The Oscar is always an exciting event. Each year, at least one unusual thing happens. When the Italian
actor and director Roberto Benigni won an Oscar for best foreign film, he danced on stage! When Gwyneth
Paltrow, the star of Shakespeare in Love won the Oscar for best actress, she could not make her acceptance
speech because she was crying so much with happiness!
         In 1987, Roberto Benigni won the award for best director for a film about the last emperor of China.
Since then, Chinese film and actors have started to make an impact at the award. Crouching Tiger, Hidden
Dragon was a huge success and it won the award for best foreign language film in 2001. It also won several
technical awards for its amazing "flying" people. We expect to see more awards for Chinese film in the near
future. 
        It's time for the Oscar again. Once more, the stars will dress up in their finest and go to Kodak Theater.
There, they will find out who had won the awards for best actor, best actress and best director. Millions of
people watch the awards every year to find out who the winners are. Some people watch it to see the stars
crying and laughing as they receive their awards.
1. Who give the awards?
[ ]
A. In 1927.
B. Oscar.
C. The Academy of Nicknames.
D. A group of people who have worked in the film industry for many years.
2. What did Gwyneth Paltrow win an Oscar for?
[ ]
A. Best Director.
B. Best Foreign Film.
C. Best Actress.
D. Best Actor.
3. Which Chinese film won an award for best foreign film?
[ ]
A. Crouching Dragon, Hidden Tiger.
B. Crouching and Hidden Dragon and Tiger.
C. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
D. Crouching, Dragon, Hiding Tiger.
4. Where are the Oscars held?
[ ]
A. At the Academy.
B. in a Los Angeles restaurant.
C. At Oscar's house.
D. At Kodar Theater.
5. Why do some people watch Oscars?
[ ]
A. To see the restaurant.
B. To see the fashion.
C. To see a film.
D. To see the stars crying and laughing.
单项选择题