问题 综合题

材料一:中国古代农业虽然取得了辉煌的成就,但它毕竟主要是在小农分散经营的条件下形成的。由于传统农具明清后没有继续得到改进,由于人口增加、人均占有耕地面积减少,由于经营规模的狭小和分散,劳动效率低下,这极大地限制了其他经济文化事业发展的广度和深度。另一方面,尽管中国古代很早就出现了合理利用自然资源、因地制宜全面发展农业生产的思想,但在封建制度和分散经营条件下,不可能更大规模合理利用经济资源协调发展。

材料二:明清时期手工业的兴盛突出反映在民间私营手工业迅速发展,取代官办工场、作坊,占据了主导地位。在这种背景下,开始孕育出主要通过对运用生产技术和调配劳动力等环节加强管理来提高经济效益的新型地主经营;从手工工场主中转化出类似西方资本主义中的早期“资本家”。据《明神宗实录》、乾隆《苏州府志》等文献记载,“明万历苏民多以丝织为生,东北半城皆居机户,郡城之东皆习机业”。表明自明中后期至鸦片战争前,已经进入产业革命和工业化的准备阶段并向工业文明发展的过渡阶段。

请回答:(1)根据材料一,概括指出中国古代农业生产的主要特点。(3分)

(2)根据材料二,概括指出明清时期我国手工业领域出现的新变化。(3分)

(3)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出明中后期至鸦片战争前手工业发展中所孕育的新型生产关系的发展特点(1分),并分析其原因。(4分)

答案

(1)特点:分散经营;劳动效率低下;经济资源协调能力不高。(3分)

(2)新变化:私营手工业发展迅速,取代了官营手工业的主导地位;丝织领域出现了资本主义萌芽;形成早期“资本家”。(3分)

(3)特点:发展缓慢(1分)

原因:封建制度的阻碍,重农抑商,海禁和闭关锁国政策的影响等。(4分)

第(1)问根据材料和所学知识归纳回答。第(2)问根据材料二进行概括,抓住关键词“明清时期”“手工业领域”“新变化”。第(3)问注意问题的时间,抓住关键词“新型生产关系”“发展特点”,分析原因时要从当时社会现状出发。

多项选择题
完形填空
When I was in the 8th grade in Ohio, a girl named Helen in my class had a terrible accident. As she was   16  to the bus in order not to miss it, she slipped on the ice and fell under the back wheels of the bus. She   17  the accident but was paralyzed from the waist down. I went to see her, in my 13-year-old mind thinking that she wouldn’t live   18   from then on.
Over the years, I   19  and didn’t think much about Helen after that. Three years ago, in Florida, my oldest son was hit by a car while riding his bike,   20  a terrible brain injury. While I was looking after my son, a lady who said she was the hospital’s social worker called. It was a particularly tiring day. I burst into tears for no reason and rang   21 .
A short time 1ater, a beautiful woman, in a wheelchair,   22  into my son’s room with a box of  23 . After 16 years, I still   24  Helen. She smiled, handed me the tissues and hugged me. I told her who I was, and after we both went through the shock of that, she began to tell me about her life since we last saw each other. She married, had children and got her degree so that she smoothed the path for those people who were less   25  than her. She told me that if there was anything she could give me, it would be   26 .
Looking at this wonderful, giving person, I felt   27 . But I also felt the first hope I had since learning that my son was  28 . From this person that I thought would have no quality of life, I learned that where there is life, there is hope. My son miraculously   29  and we moved north, but I owe Helen   30  that I can never repay.
小题1:
A.walking B.ridingC.runningD.driving
小题2:
A.Lived B.survivedC.existedD.escaped
小题3:
A.equally B.calmlyC.quietlyD.normally
小题4:
A.studied B.movedC.workedD.1ived
小题5:
A.sufferingB.causingC.bearingD.catching
小题6:
A.upB.offC.backD.down
小题7:
A.ranB.walkedC.rolledD.moved
小题8:
A.tissuesB.presentsC.pillsD.candies
小题9:
A.realizedB.knewC.recognizedD.reminded
小题10:
A.richB.healthyC.strongD.fortunate
小题11:
A.moneyB.hopeC.pityD.medicine
小题12:
A.smallB.pitifulC.weakD.shameless
小题13:
A.admittedB.beatenC.hurtD.hospitalized
小题14:
A.treatedB.worsenedC.relievedD.recovered
小题15:
A.some money B.some tissuesC.a debtD.a hope