问题 解答题

设二次函数f(x)=mx2+nx+t的图象过原点,g(x)=ax3+bx﹣3(x>0),f(x),g(x)的导函数为f'(x),g'(x),且f'(0)=0,f'(﹣1)=﹣2,f(1)=g(1),f'(1)=g'(1).

(1)求函数f(x),g(x)的解析式;

(2)求F(x)=f(x)﹣g(x)的极小值;

(3)是否存在实常数k和m,使得f(x)≥kx+m和g(x)≤kx+m?若存在,求出k和m的值;若不存在,说明理由.

答案

解:(1)由已知得t=0,f'(x)=2mx+n,

则f'(0)=n=0,f'(﹣1)=﹣2m+n=﹣2,

从而n=0,m=1,

∴f(x)=x2,f'(x)=2x,g(x)=3ax2+b.

由f(1)=g(1),f'(1)=g'(1),

得a+b﹣3=1,3a+b=2,

解得a=﹣1,b=5.

∴g(x)=﹣x3+5x﹣3(x>0).

(2)F(x)=f(x)﹣g(x)=x3+x2﹣5x+3(x>0),

求导数得F'(x)=3x2+2x﹣5=(x﹣1)(3x+5).

∴F(x)在(0,1)单调递减,在(1,+∞)单调递增,

从而F(x)的极小值为F(1)=0.

(3)因f(x)与g(x)有一个公共点(1,1),

而函数f(x)在点(1,1)的切线方程为y=2x﹣1.

下面验证都成立即可.

由x2﹣2x+1≥0,得x2≥2x﹣1,知f(x)≥2x﹣1恒成立.

设h(x)=﹣x3+5x﹣3﹣(2x﹣1),即h(x)=﹣x3+3x﹣2(x>0),

求导数得h'(x)=﹣3x2+3=﹣3(x﹣1)(x+1)(x>0),

∴h(x)在(0,1)上单调递增,在(1,+∞)上单调递减,

所以h(x)=﹣x3+5x﹣3﹣(2x﹣1)的最大值为h(1)=0,

所以﹣x3+5x﹣3≤2x﹣1恒成立.

故存在这样的实常数k和m,且k=2,m=﹣1.

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