问题 论述题

材料一:曾任国会参议员的福布莱特在指责美国三权分立体制的问题时指出:“我们的政治体制今天运转起来非常不灵……在民主党控制国会而总统是共和党人时,宪法规定的行政和立法之间的内在抗衡就要大大加剧……国会常常不能就预算达成一致意见,也不能有效地削减财政赤字……这在很大程度上要归咎于我们政府权力分立体制所固有的行政和立法之间的抗衡。

材料二:马克思在批判资产阶级三权分立时指出,他们把“分权看作神圣不可侵犯的原则,事实上这种分权只不过是为了简化和监督国家机构而实行的日常事务上的分工罢了,资产阶级是从来不会把统治权分给工人阶级和广大劳动人民的。”

结合上述材料,运用《国家和国际组织常识》有关知识回答下列问题。

(1)美国三权分立制的核心内容是什么?“今天运转起来非常不灵”指的是哪种现象?(4分)

(2)请结合上述材料,对三权分立制进行分析说明。(8分)

答案

(1)美国三权分立制的核心内容是什么?“今天运转起来非常不灵”指的是哪种现象?

三权分立时美国联邦政府组建和运行的基本原则,其核心内容是权力分立、制约和平衡。“今天运转起来不灵”指的是三大权力机关之间相互扯皮,导致效率低下。(4分)

(2)请结合上述材料,对三权分立制进行分析说明。(8分)

①三权分立对于反对封建专制,调解资产阶级内部各集团的利益,维持资本主义民主制度具有积极作用。

②三权分立也有明显的阶级局限性和消极作用。美国的三权分立制,本质上一种资产阶级民主制度。所谓分权与制衡,事实上是协调资产阶级内部权力分配的一种机制,广大人民群众不可能享有真正的民主;

③实现三权分立、权力制衡的一个必然结果,是三大权力机关之间相互扯皮、导致效率低下。材料一中“运站起来非常不灵”、“抗衡加剧”就是最好的体现。(8分)

单项选择题
单项选择题

Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history. Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive humans were closer to the animals (1) they, too, relied’upon their instincts to stay healthy. Yet some primitive humans (2) a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating (3) of a disease or (4) the condition of a wound. (5) there was so much that primitive humans did not (6) the functioning of the body, magic became an integral component ofthe beliefs about the causes and cures of heath (7) Therefore it is not (8) that early humans thought that illness was caused (9) evil spirit. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual to (10) harmful spirit from a diseased body.

One of the. earliest (11) in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and (12) of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. The writing (13) to him has provided a number of principles underiying modern medical practice. One of his most famous (14) , the Hippocratic Oath, is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics.

Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived from a (15) of the natural science and the logic of cause and effect relationships. In this (16) thesis, On Air, Water, and Places, Hippocrates pointed out that human well-being is (17) by the totality of environmental (18) : living habits or lifestyle, climate, geography of the land, and the quality of air, and food. (19) enough, concerns about our health and the quality of air, water, and places are (20) very much written in twentieth century.

15()

A.creation

B.expectation

C.perception

D.preference