问题 材料分析题

表1:1978年、1995年、2000年、2008年、2009年我国城乡居民家庭收入对比

表2:2009年我国部分地区居民可支配收入对比(单位:元)

材料:伴随着经济体制改革的深化,党在如何处理效率与公平关系的问题上不断探索、深化和完善。十四大第一次明确提出要“兼顾效率与公平”:十四届三中全会提出收入分配要“体现效率优先、兼顾 公平的原则”;十五大和十六大进一步明确提出要“初次分配注重效率、再分配注重公平”;十七大提出“初次分配和再分配都要处理好效率和公平的关系,再分配更加注重公平”。

(1)表1、表2分别反映了什么经济现象?

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(2)结合上述材料,运用经济生活的有关知识,回答如何解决表1、表2中出现的问题。

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答案

(1)表1反映了改革开放以来,我国城乡人均可支配收入都有很大的提高,但城乡人均收入差距呈现不断扩大的趋势;表2反映了2009 年我国城乡居民、不同地区间的居民可支配收入都存在较大差距,尤其是民族地区居民可支配收入普遍偏低。

(2)①坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制 度,兼顾效率与公平,坚持共同富裕的目标。

②要逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。

③再分配更加注重公平。加强政府对收入分配的调节,保护合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非 法收入。通过强化税收调节,整顿分配秩序,实现分配的公平 。

④促进区域、城乡经济的协调发展,提高低收入者的收入。

⑤加快民族地区的经济发展。

阅读理解
从方框中所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,补全短文,其中有一项为多余选项。
      March 20th is World Water Day every year. According to a report from the United Nations, more than
half of the world's major rivers have serious water loss and are polluted.
      The Yellow River, the world's fifth longest river, watered some of the oldest farms on earth. But now it
has a serious problem. 1_______ In most of the past 35 years, it didn't reach the sea.
      The Nile in Egypt, running 6, 650 km, is the longest river in the world. 2_______ Now it is down to 2
billion m' or so. Australia's Murray River reaches the sea only every other year. One fifth of America's Rio
Grande has no water, either. 
     3_______    
     Mostly it's damming (筑坝) and global warming that make rivers dry. 
     4_______ Now about 45, 000 of them lie across the world's rivers. They hold back around 15% of the
world's fresh water from running to the sea.
     Global warming is making things worse. Warmer weather takes water away. The glacier (冰川) are
becoming smaller. 5_______ Global warming has had certain effects on water sources (源头). Droughts
(干旱) happening around the world make people pay more attention to this fact. 
  
A. Dams hold water to irrigate (灌溉) fields and make power.
B. The source of the Yellow River is drying up because of it.
C. It used to carry 32 billion m' of water a year.
D. How does it happen?
E. Factories pour waste water into rivers directly.
F. Its source on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is drying up.
1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________
单项选择题