（15分）二十世纪的战争与和平

材料一 希特勒迫害犹太文他精英

材料二 在希特勒统治德国以前，世界的科学教育中心不在美国，而在德国。19世纪后半叶，德国就进入了科学与教育的辉煌时代，超越了英国和法国，成为世界科学文化中心……截至1933年，德国共有32名获奖者，美国只有5名获奖者。当希特勒上台以后，推行种族主义政策，使得50万犹太人被迫流亡他乡，美国接收了这些难民中的四分之一，并给难民中的知识精英提供施展才华的环境，使得世界科学文化中心发生了一次洲际大转移，从欧洲转到了北美洲，从德国转移到了美国。到二战结束的1945年，德国的三项诺贝尔科学奖得主在世者只剩14名，而美国已经有25名。难民知识精英把德国学术体系中最先进的方法

论和最严谨的学风带到了美国，奠定了美国在全世界科学教育上的领先地位。到夸天，美国的诺贝尔自然科学奖得主已经超过200名，有的年份的三项诺贝尔科学奖甚至被美国科学家包揽。

——以上材料均摘编自李工真《文化的流亡》

（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，分析希特勒迫害犹太文化精英的原因（9分）

（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，概括欧洲“难民知识精英”对美国发展做出的贡献。（6分）

As we know, Xiao Shenyang and Liu Qian did wonderful jobs in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Now many people are crazy about these two persons. But how much do you know about them
Xiao Shenyang was born in a poor peasant family which is in difficult family conditions. His real name is Shen He. He is an actor. He is good at Er Ren Zhuan. He learned acts, following Zhao Benshan. During the school life, he was very active in many activities. He looks like a simple man, but he never stops pursuing his artistic aspiration. More and more people like his style of performance, and we hope he can make great progress in the future.
Liu Qian is a young magician from Taiwan. At the age of 7, Liu saw a cute magic toy in a shop.
At that moment he began to love and decided to learn magic. Liu didn’t go to any magic school. He practiced tricks every day to improve his skills, until one day he was able to put on a show for his class. He saw the surprise on everyone’s face, and he felt it was cool. He often does street shows for passers-by, police and farmers. He worked hard at it. Now he is a famous magician.
根据短文内容完成下面表格中由于小沈阳和刘谦的信息